湿地外来植物香菇草(Hydrocotyle vulgaris)入侵风险研究

通过对香菇草(Hydrocotyle vulgaris)形态特征、生长习性以及繁殖特点的研究以揭示其入侵风险.结果表明:1)香菇草适应性强,具有表型可塑性,能适应水生到旱生、强光到隐蔽等多种生境,并具有较好的耐受性,从而能占据更宽的生态幅；2)侵占力强,能形成比较高密度的植株丛成片生长,地下部分由根茎和大量的不定根密集网状交错,在地上、地下高密度占领生境从而排挤其他植物,降低群落物种多样性；3)繁殖速度快,可营养繁殖和种子繁殖,以根茎营养繁殖为主,自然生长的香菇草个体1年繁殖倍数达到50倍以上；4)根除难度大,根茎的片断残留仍然可生长成新的植株再次快速繁殖扩大；5)根据香菇草的生长习性,其适生区域的气候特征指标为:日平均温度稳定≥10℃天数多于180 d,最冷月(1月)平均温度高于-5℃,年极端最低气温不低于-10℃；结合我国的气候数据,预测划分香菇草的适生范围包括:中国北亚热带湿润区、中亚热带湿润区、南亚热带湿润区、边缘热带湿润区、中热带湿润区、赤道热带湿润区和中国高原亚热带地区；6)采用外来物种入侵风险指数评估体系分析香菇草的入侵风险表明,其入侵风险指数可确定得分为71分,其中“繁殖和扩散特性”项目得39分.说明香菇草入侵风险程度极高,属于“不可引入物种”.最后提出了香菇草入侵风险管理建议.

Study on invasion risk of Hydrocotyle vulgaris as an alien species in wetlands

The growth habit,morphological and reproductive characteristics of Hydrocotyle vulgaris were systematically described to assess its invasion risks.The results showed that the invasion risks of H.vulgaris were displayed in four aspects.First,the adaptability and phenotypic plasticity of H.vulgaris ensured its adaptation to the environment.Also its tolerance contributed to the occupation of wider ecological amplitude.Second,the aggressive ability made it able to occupy the habitat in high density both ground ...