Cross protection provides evidence for race-specific avirulence factors inFusarium oxysporum |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China;2. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Bionic Functional Materials, College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautic, Nanjing, 210016, China;1. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina;2. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina;1. Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand;2. Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand;3. Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand;4. Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand;5. Center of Excellence in Veterinary Biosciences (CEVB), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand;1. Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;2. Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt;3. Zoology Department, EM Unit, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;4. Electron Microscope and Thin Films Department, National Research Centre, El-Behooth St., 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt;5. Department Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt;6. Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;2. The Genome Center & Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA |
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| Abstract: | Simultaneous inoculation with races 1 and 2 of the vascular wilt pathogenFusarium oxysporumf.sp.lycopersiciprovided a high level of protection against race 2 in three tomato cultivars carrying resistance geneI, which confers resistance to race 1 but not race 2. However, simultaneous inoculation did not provide any protection in cultivars lacking this gene. Protection resulted in reduction and delay of wilt symptoms. Similarly, avirulent races ofF. oxysporumf.sp.melonisprotected muskmelon plants against virulent races of the sameforma specialis.A ratio 10:1 between spore concentrations of inducer and challenger organism gave the highest cross protection, but ratio 0.1:1 still provided significant disease reduction. Cross protection was also obtained when inoculation with the inducer organism was performed 6 or 12 h before inoculation with the challenger organism. Autoclaved spores of the inducer did not have any protective effect, indicating that living propagules were required to initiate protection. The results suggest the presence of a gene-for-gene interaction betweenF. oxysporumf.sp.lycopersici-tomato andF. oxysporumf.sp.melonis-muskmelon, in which cross protection against a virulent race is mediated by recognition of a specific elicitor from the avirulent race by the plant resistance gene product and by subsequent induction of the plant defense reaction. |
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