2022年河南省小麦茎基腐病和赤霉病病原种群分离鉴定

近年来，茎基腐病和赤霉病在中国黄淮麦区发生严重，对小麦产量及品质造成较大影响。各地报道小麦茎基腐病和赤霉病病原菌种类有所差异。为明确当前中国小麦主产区河南小麦茎基腐病和赤霉病病原菌种类变化情况，本研究对2022年采自河南省安阳、漯河、周口、南阳等8个不同生态区的小麦茎基腐病病株和赤霉病病穗进行了分离纯化，分别得到257和88株分离物。形态学及分子生物学鉴定结果表明，小麦茎基腐病样品分离物中，假禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium pseudograminearum)231株，占比89.88%;禾谷镰孢菌(F.graminearum)23株，占比8.95%。赤霉病样品的分离物中，禾谷镰孢菌76株，占比86.36%;假禾谷镰孢菌10株，占比11.36%。2022年河南省所有采样地区的茎基腐病的优势病原菌均为假禾谷镰孢菌，赤霉病的优势病原菌仍为禾谷镰孢菌，但赤霉病样品分离物中假禾谷镰孢菌的占比有所增长，特别是在安阳、平顶山和漯河市的赤霉病样品中假禾谷镰孢菌的分离频率达到了10%以上。

Separation and Identification Pathogen Populations of Fusarium Crown Rot and Fusarium Head Blight in Henan Province in 2022

In recent years, Fusarium crown rot (FCR) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) have occurred seriously in the Huanghuai wheat area of China, which has a great impact on the yield and quality of wheat. The types of FCR and FHB pathogens were reported to be different in different places. In order to clarify the current changes in the types of FCR and FHB pathogens in Henan, the main wheat areas in China, 257 and 88 isolates were isolated and purified from 8 cities in different ecological regions of Henan Province in 2022, including Anyang, Luohe, Zhoukou, and Nanyang. The morphological and molecular biology identification results showed that among the isolates of FCR samples, there were 231 strains of F. pseudograminearum (89.88%) and 23 strains of F. graminearum (8.95%). Among the isolates from the FHB samples, there were 76 strains of F. graminearum and 10 strains of F. pseudograminearum, accounting for 86.36% and 11.36%, respectively. In 2022, the dominant pathogen of FCR in all sampling areas of Henan Province was F. pseudograminearum, and the dominant pathogen of FHB was still F. graminearum, but the proportion of F. pseudograminearum in FHB increased, especially in the samples of FHB in Anyang, Pingdingshan, and Luohe Cities, where the isolation frequency of F. pseudograminearum reached more than 10%.