橘红心大白菜形态标记的遗传及稳定性研究

以橘红心大白菜自交系（LH）、普通心大白菜自交系（91-12）为亲本，研究了橘红心大白菜子叶颜色的遗传特征及其在环境中的稳定性。结果表明：橘红心大白菜和普通心大白菜正反交后代（F1和F1′）子叶颜色均为黄色，F2和BC1F1群体子叶颜色分离比分别为3∶1和1∶1（黄色子叶∶橘红子叶），这说明橘红心大白菜子叶颜色由1对等位基因控制，橘红色对黄色表现为隐性|子叶颜色、花色和球心色三者的遗传表现为一因多效，即橘红子叶植株的球心色和花色也为橘红色。在遮光或者弱光处理结束后，光照2 h橘红心大白菜的子叶颜色可以稳定表现，在低温遮光条件下表现最为显著，催芽时间不同（24 h或48 h）不影响橘红心大白菜子叶颜色的表现。因此，子叶颜色可以作为橘红心大白菜选育中的一个理想的形态标记加以应用。

Studies on Inheritance and Stability of Morphological Marker of Orange Leaf Head Chinese Cabbage

Taking the orange leaf head Chinese cabbage〔Brassica campestris L.ssp.pekinensis(Lour)Olsson〕self-line(LH)and the white leaf head Chinese cabbage(91-12)self-line as parents,we studied the hereditary feature of cotyledon color of orange leaf head Chinese cabbage and its stability in environment.The result showed that the cotyledon and leaf head of orange leaf head Chinese cabbage and normal leaf head Chinese cabbage,selfing and back-cross F1 and F1’,were both yellow.The separation ratio of F2 and BC1F1 cotyledon color were 3:1 and 1:1(yellow:orange),respectively.This indicated that cotyledon color of orange leaf head was controlled by a pair of recessive alleles.And the inheritance of cotyledon color,flower color and leaf head color belongs to pleiotropism.In other words,if the cotyledon of a plant was orange,its leaf head and flower were also orange.Under the conditions of the dark or weak light treatment,seed leaves of orange leaf head Chinese cabbage showed orange after they were exposed in the sun for about 2 hours.Furthermore under the low temperature(0-3 ℃)and dark conditions,orange seed leaves of orange leaf head Chinese cabbage were observed more clearly,which were not affected by change of pregermination time(24 hours or 48 hours).So cotyledon color of orange leaf head Chinese cabbage can be applied as an ideal morphological marker for the breeding of orange head Chinese cabbage.