马铃薯硼素吸收分配规律及施肥的影响

为掌握马铃薯栽培的养分吸收与生理调控,以马铃薯品种紫花白为材料,对内蒙古土默川平原地区马铃薯钼吸收规律及施肥的影响进行了研究。试验设置对照(CK)、有机肥(M)、氮磷肥(NP)、有机肥与氮磷肥配合(M+NP)4个处理。结果表明:随着生育期向成熟期的推进,叶片中硼的含量大幅度上升,茎和块茎硼含量均缓慢下降。全生育期平均叶、茎、块茎硼含量分别为40.8,27.5,12.9 mg/kg;全株和块茎硼素吸收量动态变化可分别用一元三次方程和Logistic方程理想模拟。硼的最大吸收量出现在出苗后86 d(淀粉积累期),最快吸收速率出现在出苗后55 d左右(块茎增长初期)。有机肥、氮磷肥均可显著促进硼的吸收,有机肥与氮磷肥配合对硼的吸收有正交互效应,大幅度提高了硼的吸收量;随着生长中心由茎向块茎的转移,硼在茎叶中的分布逐渐下降,块茎中分布逐渐上升。淀粉积累期茎和叶中硼的分布为60%,块茎为40%,即块茎硼的运转率为40%。有机肥和氮磷肥配合,提高了硼的运转率。马铃薯硼的消耗系数平均0.002,生产效率平均173,每生产1 000 kg块茎(鲜)需吸收硼素5.5~6.1 g,平均5.8 g。

Laws of Uptake and Distribution of Boron in Potato Plants and Effects of Fertilization on It

For the materials with potatoes(Variety,Zihuabai),uptake and distribution of B of potato and fertilization effects were studied through field experiments,which were conducted in the Tumochuan plain,Inner Mongolia.Four treatments included no fertilizer (CK),manure (M),nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers (NP) and manure combined with N and P fertilizers (M+NP).Results showed that,the content of B in leaves increase dramatically and the content of B in stems and tubers slow decline.With the growth stages advance,the amount of B uptake in the whole plant and tubers changed as a "S" curve and the relationships were formulated by simple cubic equation and logarithmic equation.The average content of B in leaves,stems and tubers is 40.8,27.5and 12.9 mg/kg in the whole growth period.The maximum of B absorption rate and accumulation amount in plant occurred at 55 d(tuber bulking period) and 86 d(starch accumulation period) after emergence.Manure,nitrogen and phosphorus could promote the absorption of B significantly,and a positive interaction effect of organic manure combined with N and P fertilizers on absorption of B was observed.The distribution of B in leaves and stems slow decline and the distribution of B in tubers presented the tendency of rising with the shift of organic centre from stem to tuber.The distribution of B of Stems-leaves and tubers is respectively 60% and 40% in starch accumulation period,40% B of total in plant transferred to the tube at harvesting.Organic manure combined with N and P fertilizers which could improve running efficiency of B.The amount of B uptake was 5.5-6.1 g producing 1 000 kg tubes and the consumption coefficient and production efficiency was respectively 0.002 and 173.