一体化智能孢子捕捉系统在黄瓜霜霉病和黄瓜白粉病预测上的应用

为探索国内研制的新型一体化智能孢子捕捉系统在黄瓜霜霉病和黄瓜白粉病预测预报上的应用,在田间自然发病情况下,通过对捕捉孢子的形态进行识别,优化一体化智能孢子捕捉系统主要工作参数如有/无空气切割头、空气采集口高度和空气采集时间;通过病害及孢子的动态监测分析大棚黄瓜霜霉病和黄瓜白粉病病情指数与孢子捕捉量的关系。结果表明,当不加装空气切割头、空气采集口高度为70 cm、孢子捕捉时间在10:00—10:30时段有利于孢子的捕捉。黄瓜霜霉病和黄瓜白粉病病情指数与连续7 d孢子捕捉总量具有强正相关性。连续多日监测到黄瓜霜霉病菌孢子囊且数量快速增加是黄瓜霜霉病发生或快速上升的一个预测指标。黄瓜白粉病发病之前没有监测到黄瓜白粉病菌分生孢子,且在病害盛发期分生孢子捕捉量仍较少。研究表明,一体化智能孢子捕捉系统适用于黄瓜霜霉病的预测,但在黄瓜白粉病的预测上尚存在一定问题。

Application of newly-developed automatic spore-trap and identification system in forecasting cucumber downy mildew and cucumber powdery mildew

To explore the application of automatic spore-trap and identification system (ASTIS) in the forecast of cucumber downy mildew and cucumber powdery mildew, the main operating parameters such as with/without air panicle separator, air-collecting height and air-collecting time were optimized by identifying the morphology of trapped spores, and the relationship between the disease index and the amount of trapped spores in high-tunnel were analyzed by monitoring diseases and spores. It was found that no air panicle separator, 70 cm of air-collecting height, 10:00-10:30 for air-collecting contributed to spore-trapping. The disease indexes of cucumber downy mildew and cucumber powdery mildew were strongly positively correlated with the amount of trapped spores in seven consecutive days. It was an important predictive index for cucumber downy mildew occurrence and rapid development that sporangia of Pseudoperonospora cubensi (Berk. & Curt.) Rostov. were consecutively monitored by ASTIS for days and the amount of trapped sporangia increased dramatically. There was no conidium of Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) V. P. Heluta trapped by ASTIS before disease appearance, and the amount of trapped conidia remained negligible in full-incidence period. These results showed that ASTIS was suited for forecasting cucumber downy mildew, but had problems in forecasting powdery mildew.