小麦的基因源

作物的基因源是指系统发育中与作物遗传关系较近、通过遗传操作可以向作物转移基因的一群植物及其基因所编码的遗传信息。研究了散作物的基因源，不仅能通晓作物种质资源的全貌，开阔育种取材的思路，而且有助于正确选择育种途径。不同作物基因源的范围大小不同。小麦的基因源包括整个小麦族，可分为三级：凡含有ＡＢＤ三个基因组的品种、品系和原始种都是普通小麦的一级基因源；含有ＡＢＤ这三个基因组中一个或两个基因组的物种是普

Genepools of Common Wheat

Crop genepool refers to a set of plants whose phylogenies are close to the given crop and whose genes can be transferred to the crop, and the genetic information contained in these plants. Understanding crop genepool may help clarify the profile of crop germplasm resources, broaden the genetic diversity of breeding materials, and choose appropriate breeding approaches. J. R. Harlan et al. proposed the classification system of genepool of cultivated plants based on the genetic relatedness between these plants and crops, with different ranges of genepools of different crops. The genepools of wheat cover the whole Triticeae, with the primary genepool including varieties and breeding lines of cultivated species and primitive species containing all of three genomes (A, B and D), the secondary genepool including the species containing one or two genomes of the three, and the tertiary genepool including the species of Triticeae which do not contain the three genomes. Significant achievements on the use of the primary, secondary and tertiary genepools of wheat have been made in China. This paper presents some successful cases in the use of the secondary and tertiary genepools of wheat. In breeding programs, generally, the primary genepool can be easily utilized, while the secondary and the tertiary genepool can be difficultly and very difficultly utilized. To broaden the genetic base of wheat, it is necessary to find out and use new genes existing in the secondary and tertiary genepools of wheat. Genepools are also changeable because they can be supplemented from alien plants with the advances of biological sciences and technologies.