黄山木兰精油对9种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性

采用生长速率法和番茄Lycopersicon esculentum活体组织法对黄山木兰Magnolia cylindrica精油对植物病原菌的活性进行了测定。离体抑菌实验表明：在500μL·L^-1下黄山木兰精油对多种真菌有明显的抑制活性，以对苹果腐烂病菌Valsa mali和小麦赤霉病菌Fusarium graminerum的抑制率较高，分别为95．23％和93．83％。筛选6种对黄山木兰精油较为敏感的病原真菌进行菌丝生长抑制作用测定，结果表明。黄山木兰对6种真菌的抑制中浓度（EC50）为147．94～223．73μL·L^-1，其中对苹果腐烂病菌的活性最强，对油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum的活性最弱。番茄活体组织接种实验表明，1000μL·L^-1的黄山木兰精油对番茄灰霉病Botrytis cinerea的治疗和保护作用优于500μL·L^-1的精油溶液和100mg·L^-1的三唑酮溶液。黄山木兰精油具有较强的抑菌活性。表3参15

Antifungal activity of the essential oil from Magnolia cylindrica on nine phytopathogenic fungi

To exploit plant essential oils as botanical fungicides. The essential oil from Magnolia cflindrica was evaluated for its antifungal activity in vitro by using mycelial growth rate method on nine fungi： Rhizoctonia solani, A lternaria solani, Valsa mall, Fusarium graminerum, Bipolaris maydis, Exserohilum turcicum, Fusarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. In addition, protective and curative effect of the M. cylindrica oil against B. cinerea on tomato was tested in vivo. In vitro the results showed that the essential oil of M. cylindrica at 500 μL·L^-1 was highly antifungal on the most of the tested fungi. Inhibition rates to the oil from the most sensitive fungi were 95.23%（V. mali） and 93.83% （F. graminerum）.The half maximal effective concentration （EC50） of six sensitive fungi ranged from 147.94 （V. mali） to 223.73 μL·L^-1 （S. sclerotiorum）. In vivo with tomato, the concentration of the M. cylindrica oil at 1 000 μL·L^-1 had higher efficiency on B. cinerea than did of 500 μL·L^-1 oil and 100 mg·L^-l triadimefon. This study indicated that the essential oil of M. cylindrica had a high antifungal efficacy, however, further study was needed to provide experimental data for development of botanical fungicides from essential oils of M. cylindrica and other woody plants. [ Ch, 3 tab. 15 ref. ]