广州市蝙蝠的多样性及在农业生态环境中的作用

对广州市蝙蝠的物种多样性进行了初步调查．实地观察到蝙蝠约1400只，采集到蝙蝠标本91只12种，访问记录3种，共计有蝙蝠15种，隶属9属4科，其中犬蝠Cynopterus sphinx和扁颅蝠Tylonycteris pachypus为中国濒危动物红皮书列入种类．调查结果显示，东洋型种类有12种，占80．0％，季风型（伏翼Pipistrellus abramus）、古北型（中华山蝠Nyctalus velutinus）和南中国型（灰伏翼Pipistrellus pulveratus）各1种，分别占蝙蝠种类的6．67％．广州市蝙蝠可分为4种栖息类型：菊头蝠属、蹄蝠属和棕果蝠Rousettus leschenaulti为洞穴型蝙蝠；犬蝠和扁颅蝠等为树栖型蝙蝠；中华山蝠和伏翼属等为房屋型蝙蝠；小黄蝠Scotophilus kuhlii为树栖与房屋兼栖型蝙蝠．蝙蝠在该地区自然生态系统中占有重要地位，食虫蝙蝠捕食蚊、蛾等害虫，是控制害虫的有效天敌之一，食果蝙蝠可能对荔枝、龙眼、香蕉等水果造成一定危害，问卷调查显示有75．5％的果农每年都遭受食果蝙蝠的危害．

Research on Bat Diversity and Its Agricultural Eco-Environment Function in Guangzhou City

A research on bat diversity has been done in Guangzhou City.1 400 bats were observed and 91 specimen were collected which belong to 12 species.In addition 3 species were recorded by interview,thus there are 15 species of bats(belonging to 4 families,9 genera) in total in Guangzhou.In which Cynopterus sphinx and Tylonycteris pachypus are listed in the China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals.Our findings showed that 12 species belong to the Oriental type(80% of the total),3 species belong to the Palaearctic type, the Monsoonal type and the South China type respectively(20% of the total).Bats in Guangzhou City have 4 habitat types:Rhinolophus,Hipposideros and Rousettus leschenaulti live in a cave,Cynopterus sphinx and Tylonycteris pachypus,etc,live in a tree,Nyctalus velutinus and Pipistrellus,etc,live in a house,Scotophilus kuhlii live in a tree or a house.Bats play an important ecological roles in the eco-system in Guangzhou City.Entomophagous bats prey on pests such as gnat and miller,etc,they are one of the valid natural enemies of pests.Fruit bats may eat fruit such as litchi,longan and banana,etc.From the questionnaire,75.5% fruit farmer ever suffered from the fruit bat(annually.)