全氟辛烷磺酸对罗氏沼虾幼虾代谢和抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用静水毒性实验法和非靶向代谢组学法探讨全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctae sulfonate, PFOS)对罗氏沼虾 (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)幼虾的急性致死和代谢的影响, 同时通过慢性毒性实验分析不同质量浓度(0.1 ng/mL、 1 ng/mL、5 ng/mL) PFOS 胁迫下幼虾鳃、肝胰腺和胃肠道中抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明, PFOS 对罗氏沼虾幼虾的 96 hLC50 为(0.68±0.22) mg/L, 安全质量浓度为 0.068 mg/L。经 20 ng/mL 的 PFOS 胁迫 24 h 后, 幼虾鳃中鉴定到具有显著差异的代谢化合物共 30 种、肝胰腺中 19 种、胃肠道中 24 种, 这些代谢差异物主要涉及氨基酸代谢、 脂肪酸代谢和磷脂类代谢等代谢通路。慢性毒性实验中, 不同暴露时间下不同浓度的 PFOS 胁迫对幼虾各组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性的影响存在差异; 随着暴露时间的延长, SOD、CAT 和 ACP 活性受到抑制, MDA 含量随着暴露时间的延长而增大。PFOS 可造成幼虾鳃、肝胰腺和胃肠道组织发生氧化损伤, 并对幼虾的生理代谢产生影响。本研究旨在为探究 PFOS 对水生生物的毒性效应提供基础数据和借鉴。

Effects of PFOS on the metabolism and antioxidant enzymes of juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii

This article preliminarily discusses the effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on the acute lethality and metabolism of Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles using a hydrostatic toxicity experiment and non-targeted metabonomics. Additionally, a chronic toxicity experiment was used to analyze changes to antioxidant enzyme activities in the gills, hepatopancreas, and gastrointestinal tract of juvenile shrimp under PFOS stress (0.1, 1, 5 ng/mL). The results showed that the 96 h half-lethal concentration of PFOS stress on Macrobrachium rosenbergii was (0.68±0.22) mg/L, and the safe concentration was 0.068 mg/L. Following 24 h of PFOS stress (20 ng/mL), 30 metabolic compounds with significant differences were identified in the gills of juvenile shrimps, 19 significantly differential metabolic compounds were identified in the hepatopancreas, and 24 metabolic compounds with significant differences were identified in the gastrointestinal tract. These metabolic compounds with significant differences were involved amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and phospholipid metabolism. Under chronic PFOS stress, different exposure times and concentrations of PFOS may affect the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and acid phosphatase (ACP) of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. There were also differences in the effects of phosphatase (ACP) activity, the activities of SOD, CAT, and ACP were inhibited, and the MDA content increased with prolonged exposure time. In summary, it is speculated that PFOS can cause oxidative damage to the gills, hepatopancreas, and gastrointestinal tissues of juvenile shrimp, it also affects the physiological metabolism of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The results provide basic data and a reference to explore the toxic effects of PFOS on aquatic organisms.