切花非洲菊花茎解剖构造对瓶插寿命的影响研究

切花非洲菊在瓶插过程中出现的弯茎现象严重影响其观赏价值。笔者以瓶插寿命短的非洲菊品种‘一点红’和瓶插寿命长的品种‘红地毯’为试材，通过徒手切片法和扫描电镜观察了2个品种花茎上、中和下域3个区域的解剖构造。结果表明：‘红地毯’花茎皮层厚度、维管束面积、导管数量和直径均大于‘一点红’，‘红地毯’花茎3个区域维管束排列都很紧密，中域及以下的部位与上域相比，导管直径差异显著，维管束面积的差异达极显著。‘一点红’花茎中域及以上区域的小维管束消失，维管束之间的间隙很大，并与下域维管束面积呈极显著差异，上域导管直径与中域及以下的部分的差异达极显著。因此，厚角组织多、维管束大且排列紧密、导管数量多且直径大是非洲菊瓶插寿命长的解剖学要点。

The Influence of Anatomical Structure of Stem on Vase Life of Cut Gerbera Flower

A comparison of anatomical structures of stems was made between neck-bending cultivar‘Yidianhong’and neck-bending resistant cultivar‘Hongditan’ in Gerbera hybrida by applying paraffin and SEM.Results showed that‘Hongditan’was characterized with more cortex thickness,vascular area,vessels number and diameter in stem than‘Yidianhong’.For‘Hongditan’,the vascular bundle were ranked compactly in three different section of stem.Significant difference was detected in vessels diameter between upper section and midder sections with lower sections,and it had extremely significant difference in vascular area.By contrary,litter vessels were disappeared in middle and upper section in the stem of‘Yidianhong’.The distance between the vascular bundles was wide,and had extremely significant difference in vascular area between lower section.Extremly significant difference was found in vessels diameter between upper section and midder section with lower section.Therefore,the key points of longer vase life of gerbera were more cortex thickness,compactly bigger vascular bundles and more widely vessels.