广州市城市森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

为了全面系统地了解城市森林的服务功能，客观科学地评价城市森林生态系统服务功能价值。在大量调查数据的基础上，运用实际市场、替代（隐含）市场和假想（模拟）市场评估技术，估算了广州市城市森林生态系统14类服务功能价值。结果表明：2009年，广州市城市森林生态系统服务功能总价值4417157×104元/年，其中直接经济价值122155×104元/年，间接经济价值4209833×104元/年，间接经济是直接经济价值的35.16倍；把森林生态系统服务功能价值分为经济效益、生态效益和社会效益3个部分，经济效益（122155×104元/年）、生态效益（3546983×104元/年）和社会效益（748019×104元/年）分别占总服务价值2.77%、80.30%和16.93%；14类服务功能价值大小的顺序是：调节小气候＞释放O2＞游憩休闲＞文化教育＞林副产品＞社会就业＞CO2固定＞养分积累＞改良土壤＞生物多样性＞涵养水源＞土壤保持＞净化空气＞促进科技进步。在城市森林服务功能评价中，城市森林调节小气候、释放O2、提供游憩休闲的服务价值处于十分重要的地位。

Evaluation for Service Functions of Urban Forest Ecosystem in Guangzhou

In order to comprehensively understand the urban forest service functions and objectively evaluate the service function value,the 14 kinds of service function of urban forest ecosystem in Guangzhou were evaluated by applying the evaluation technologies of actual,substituted（concealed） and imaginary（simulated） markets on the basis of lots of survey data.The results showed that service functions of urban forest ecosystem in Guangzhou evaluated 4417157×10 4 yuan/a in 2009.The indirect economic value（4209833×10 4 yuan/a）was 35.16 times as high as the direct economic value（122155×10 4 yuan/a）.The value of service functions of urban forest ecosystem included economic profit,ecological benefit and social benefit.The economic profit （122155×10 4 yuan/a）,the ecological benefit（3546983×10 4 yuan/a）,social benefit（748019×10 4 yuan/a） accounted for 2.77%,80.30% and 16.93% of the gross service value,respectively.The value of each kind of service functions tended to decrease in the order：climatic regulationoxygen releaseforest recreationculture and educationforest byproductsemploymentcarbon dioxide fixationnutrient accumulationsoil improvementbiological diversity protectionwater conservationsoil conservationair purificationscientific and technological progress.The value of climatic regulation,oxygen release and forest recreation was very important in all kinds of value of service functions of urban forest ecosystem.