机械化吨粮田配套技术的研究

本研究从农业机械化技术的角度,结合北京顺义县具体条件,以提高小麦、玉米播种质量为主攻方向与有关学科配合展开。通过采取正确选型、合理配套、改制并完善机具、优化田间机械化作业工艺以及培训农艺、农机人员等措施,在三夏和三秋两个关键时期,提高了作业效率,争得农时,提高了播种质量,达到苗齐、苗壮。从而为实施吨粮田的栽培管理技术提供了良好的基础,较好地完成了单产吨粮目标,建立起一套具有中国特色的新型机械化吨粮田技术体系。

Study on the High Yield (15t/hm2) with Optimum Mechanization

The target for raising the efficiency of field operations for saving time and improving the sowing quality of wheat and corn for obtaining high rate of emergence and robust seedling with optimum mechanization and with cooperation of other different subjects was taken to obtain the high yield (15 t/hm²) under double cropping system(winter wheat and summer corn) in Berjing.Three important results (new production system; mulch seeder and combination drill with individual profiling press wheel)were obtained by choosing ,modifying and developing the farm machinery, optimizing the field operations and training the tractor drivers for high yield (15 t/hm²), high efficiency and low cost lasted three years.The new production system consists of two technologies:The mulch seeding with no tillage for summer corn and the combination drilling for winter wheat.In Comparison with the conventional way (tillage seeding) ,the mulch seeding has the advantages of less amount of field operations, less labour required,less fuel consumption,less farming time and higher yield. It also can accumulate the organic matter in the soil and it can improve the soil structure. The corn plant with this new way has the properties of drought resistance,waterlogging resistance and lodging resistance. The last but not least, the enviroment pollution induced by straw burning during summer can be sollved with this new way.In Comparison with the conventional drilling , the combination drilling has the advantages of earlier sprouting and stronger seedling.The 2BQM-6A(the third generation) mulch seeder used for mulch seeding during summer was developed. This mulch seeder has been produced in batch process. It is the only type of the mulch seeder in China.The combination drill with individual profiling press wheel used for combination drilling during autumn was developed.Both of the mulch seeder and combination drill are essential for realizing the new production system.The high yield has been obtained in the area of 40° North latitude with the new production system for each year during the three years.