土壤中离子扩散的基本方程与实验验证

土壤是一个非均一的带电体系，因此土壤中离子扩散的推动力来自两个方面：一是浓度梯度，二是电位梯度，同时土壤作为一个非均一的带电体系，其离子的分布极为不均，可见土壤中的离子扩散不能直接用Ｆｉｃｋ扩散定律来描述，有必要建立起适合于土壤这个不均一的带电体系的离子扩攻的基本方程，本文从热力学及物质扩散动力学的基本原理出发，导出一组描述土壤中离子扩散的基本方程，并在实验的给定条件下，通过求解基本方程，对土壤中

FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF ION DIFFUSION IN SOILS

The motive forces of ion diffusion in soils as a non-uniform electric-field system come from two aspects: concentration gradient and electric potential gradient So the Fick's diffusion laws is unsuitable for describing ion diffusion in soils directly. It is necessary to advance new fundamental equations for describing ion diffuiom in soils. Based on the fundamental theory of thermodynamics and dynamics of material diffusion, a set of fundamental equations descriding ion diffusion in soils has been obtained under the given conditions of experiment and through solving the fundamental equations, suecessful predication of ion diffusion in soils has been made.