东北黑土区长期不同磷肥施用量对大豆生长及产量的影响

以中国科学院海伦生态实验站的长期定位试验为基础,分析了不同磷肥施用量包括对照(CK)、低磷处理(25.58 P2O5kg·hm~(-2),N1P1K)、中磷处理(51.75 P_2O_5kg·hm~(-2),N1P2K)和高磷处理(77.65 P_2O_5kg·hm~(-2),N1P3K)对大豆生长、结瘤及产量的影响。结果表明:不同处理对大豆株高和生物量的影响表现为N1P3KN1P2KN1P1KCK(鼓粒期株高除外),说明当前黑土磷素水平下,磷肥的施用能够显著促进大豆植株的生长;与CK,N1P1K和N1P2K相比,N1P3K苗期的根瘤数量和根瘤干重分别增加了56.7%～152.8%和87.4%～463.1%;与CK相比,N1P3K和N1P2K处理固氮酶活性分别增加了74.0%和94.0%;大豆的单株荚数和单株粒数均表现为随着磷肥施用量的增加而增加,虽然百粒重和产量表现出了相似的趋势,但是N1P3K和N1P2K处理之间没有显著差异(P0.05),说明过多磷肥的施用在东北黑土区对大豆增产效果不明显。因此,在东北黑土区在考虑生产成本、大豆产量等因素的情况下,建议适宜的磷肥施用量为N1P2K,即磷肥的施用量为51.25 P2O5kg·hm~(-2)。

The effect of different dosage of phosphorous fertilizer application on growth and yield of soybean in a Mollisol in Northeast China

The effect of P fertilizer dosage, including no fertilizer (CK), low P treatment (25.58 P₂O₅ kg·hm^-2, N1P1K), medium P treatment (51.75 P₂O₅ kg·hm^-2, N1P2K) and High P treatment (77.65 P₂O₅ kg·hm^-2, N1P3K) on growth, nodulation and yield of soybean was investigated based on a long-term experiment in Hailun Ecological Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results showed that the effect of different treatment on plant high and biomass of soybean ranked as N1P3K>N1P2K>N1P1K>CK with exception of plant height in seed filling stage. The nodule number and nodule weight of seedling stage under N1P3K treatment had increased significantly,by 56.7%~152.8% and 87.4%~463.1% respectively, compared with CK, N1P1K and N1P2K treatments, Nitrogenase activity under N1P2K and N1P3K treatments had increased by 74.0% and 94.0% compared with CK. Pod number per plant and seed number per plant both were increasing with the increased dosage of P fertilizer application. No significant difference was observed in 100CD*2]seed weight and yield under N1P2K and N1P3K treatments, although P fertilizer application had increased 100-seed weight and yield of soybean, indicating that overdose of P fertilizer application has no significant effect on yield increase. Therefore, recommended amount of P fertilizer application was 51.25 P₂O₅ kg·hm^-2 in a Mollisol in Northeast China in consideration of factors such as product cost, soybean yield and so on.