海州湾人工鱼礁海域鱼类和大型无脊椎动物群落组成及结构特征

为了解人工鱼礁区鱼类和大型无脊椎动物的数量变动及群落扰动情况,于2003、2004、2005和2007年采用底拖网对人工鱼礁区及邻近对照区进行了调查。结果表明:海州湾人工鱼礁区调查共鉴定鱼类和大型无脊椎动物96种,其中鱼类和节肢类是人工鱼礁区游泳生物的主要种类,分别占55.21%和35.42%,而软体类与棘皮类则分别占7.29%和2.08%。鱼礁区的生物种类数、生物量、丰富度和多样性指数除了呈现明显的季节变化外,年平均生物种类数、生物量、丰富度和多样性均高于对照区,鱼礁增殖效果明显。此外,通过ABC曲线分析发现:除投礁后第4年的鱼礁区春季和秋季外,投礁前和投礁后第1年、第2年的鱼礁区以及对照区各季节的鱼类和大型无脊椎动物群落结构都处于一个扰动状态。

Community structure of fish and macroinvertebrates in the artificial reef sea area of Haizhou Bay

The artificial reefs had been deployed for five years in Haizhou Bay. The resources of fish and macroinvertebrates were investigated in the artificial reefs and adjacent control areas in Haizhou Bay by bottom trawls in 2003,2004,2005 and 2007,with the aim of finding out the changes of community structure of the fish and macroinvertebrates. 96 kinds of fish and macroinvertebrates were found,including 53 kinds of fish,34 kinds of arthropods,7 kinds of Mollusca and 2 kinds of echinoderms,which accounted for 55.21%,35.42%,and 7.29% of the total number respectively. The fish and arthropods accounted for 90.63% of the total number and were the major species in artificial reef sea area. Besides,the results showed that the artificial reefs had obvious improvement on resource protection and restoration. The species composition,biomass,richness and diversity index of the fish and macroinvertebrates were quite different between seasons in artificial reef area and the annual average number of species,biomass,richness and diversity were higher than those of the control area. In addition,ABC curve indicated that the community structure of the fish and macroinvertebrates was unstable without the artificial reefs or with the reefs for one or two years. However,the community structure were stable in spring and autumn of the 4th year with the artificial reefs in the ecosystem.