拖拉机集材道最大坡度和最大坡长的探讨

本文对林业部颁发的“东北内蒙古国有林区采伐更新调查设计规范”关于拖拉机集材道最大坡度和最大坡长的规定进行了讨论。并以集材-50拖拉机为例对空车上坡、满载下坡、满载上坡等工况进行了计算和分析。结论是:规范关于集材坡道最大坡度的规定,主要由空车上坡时附着力、重载下坡时利用发动机制动且变速器挂低档控制拖拉机下滑速度及保证发动机可靠润滑等因素决定。重载逆坡最大坡度,冬季决定于附着力,夏季决定于发动机扭矩。作者认为,该规范关于最大坡度的规定较合理,但对最大坡长进行限制缺乏充分根据,因此对最大坡长一般没有必要限制。

DISCUSSION ON MAXIMAL GRADIENT AND SLOPE LENGTH OF TRACTOR SKIDDING TRAIL

In the paper, the maximal gradient and slope length of tractor skidding trail were discussed. These parameters were stipulated in "The survey and design norm for logging and regeneration in state forest of Northeast China and Inner Mongolian", promulgated by the Forestry Ministry of China.Taking the J-50 tractor as an example, the different working situations of the tractor (such as: tractor uphill without load, full loaded tractor downhill or uphill) were calculated and analysed. The conclusion is that the maximal gradient: of the tractor skidding trail depends on: the adhesive force while the tractor is uphill without load, when the full loaded tractor is downhill using the engine to brake the tractor and control the tractor velocity, the reliable lubrication of the engine. When the full loaded tractor is uphill in winter, the maximal gradient depends on the adhensive force; in summer, it depends on the torque derived from the engine.The authors point out that the norm of the maximal gradient is reasonable, but it is unnecessary to restrict the slope lengths.