The molecular basis for bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems |
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| Institution: | 1. Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;2. Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Santa Cruz, Tenerife, Spain;3. Unidad de Genética, Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;4. Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain;5. Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Barranco de la Ballena, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;6. Intensive Care Unit, Hospital San Jorge de Huesca, Huesca, Spain;7. Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;8. Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;1. Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;2. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;3. Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | IL-2 has analgesic effects in both central and peripheral nervous systems. There are two distinct domains in IL-2 molecule mediating immunologic and analgesic activity, respectively. The analgesic domain of IL-2 may be composed of the 44th Phe, 45th Tyr, 107th Tyr, and 117th Phe residues that are located closely in the tertiary structure of IL-2. The analgesic activity may be mediated through the analgesic domain interaction with opioid receptor.In addition to peptides, cytokines may directly bind to peptide receptors, other than their specific cytokine receptors themselves. Conversely, peptides may also interact with cytokine receptors. Thus, peptide neurotransmitters and hormones may serve as endogenous regulators of the immune system, and cytokines may also serve as neurotransmitters. Multiple actions might be mediated by interactions between distinct domains of bioactive molecules with different receptors. |
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