The role of neuroendocrine immune interactions in the initiation of humoral immunity in chickens |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Poultry Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802USA;1. Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway;2. Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Norway;1. Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Poultry Heredity & Breeding, Institute of Poultry Science of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225003, PR China;3. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing 210095, PR China;1. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan;2. Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan;3. Department of Orthopaedics, Wakamatsu Hospital for University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 808-0024, Japan;1. Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, and Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Science Center, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA;4. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | The presence of neuroendocrine immune interaction in mammalian species has been studied extensively and has been established. However, such an interaction is not as well established in avian species. Furthermore, the role of such an interaction in the initiation of humoral immunity is not well understood. Therefore, the present studies were conducted to determine mechanisms involved in the initiation of humoral immunity in chickens. Cornell K-strain White Leghorn immature male chickens were used for all the experiments. Changes in hormonal and leukocyte profiles after antigen stimulation were studied. The ability of different leukocytes to produce ACTH was also investigated. It was concluded that the first step in the initiation of humoral immunity after antigen exposure is the release of interleukin-1 by macrophages, which in turn stimulates the production of CRF by hypothalamus and/or leukocytes. It is important to mention that CRF production could also be a direct effect of antigen stimulation. The CRF will then stimulate ACTH production by anterior pituitary and/or leukocytes. In addition, CRF will directly enhance lymphocyte activities in the spleen. Corticosteroid production will be stimulated by ACTH and will cause redistribution of lymphocytes from circulation to secondary lymphoid organs such as the spleen for antigen processing and eventual production of antibodies against the invading antigens. Finally, both ACTH and corticosteroids will later act in a negative feedback manner to regulate and control the process of antibody production by inhibiting lymphocyte activities and/or reducing the responsiveness to different stimuli. |
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