施肥与打顶对不同生态点烤烟化学成分的影响

为探讨施肥量与打顶对不同生态点烟叶化学成分的关系,在云南楚雄、弥渡、南涧、祥云进行了施肥量(72kg/hm2、90kg/hm2、108kg/hm2)与打顶(扣心打顶、中心花开打顶、盛花期打顶)试验,结果表明:总糖、总氮、烟碱、蛋白质、钾含量不同生态点差异显著。最佳施肥量与最佳施肥量-20%处理比较烟叶总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱、蛋白质含量差异不显著,但与最佳施肥量 20%处理比较差异显著。扣心打顶、中心花开打顶、盛花期打顶处理总糖、还原糖、总氮、蛋白质含量,相互间比较差异不显著。扣心打顶、盛花期打顶处理烟碱含量比较差异不显著,但与中心花开打顶比较差异显著。烟叶部位间总糖、还原糖比较差异极显著,中部叶>上部叶>下部叶。总氮含量中部叶、下部叶比较差异不显著,但与上部叶比较差异极显著。蛋白质含量烟叶部位间比较差异极显著,上部叶>下部叶>中部叶。钾含量烟叶部位间比较差异极显著,下部叶>中部叶>上部叶。钾受施肥措施、打顶措施影响小,遗传稳定性高。蛋白质受环境条件及施肥措施、打顶措施的影响最小,烟碱受环境条件及施肥措施、打顶措施的影响最大。

Effect on the main Chemical component at different Ecology Spots by fertilizer and topping

In order to reveal the correlation among the fertilizer rate, topping stage and main chemical component influencing of tobacco in different ecology areas, there carried out the tests of fertilizer amount, which was 72kg/hm2, 90kg/hm2, 108kg/hm2 respectively, and the tests of topping at buttoning stage, topping, at the early bloom and topping at full blooming stage. The results indicated that there had significantly difference among content of total sugar, total nitrogen, protein and potassium in different ecology spots. A significantly difference was observed among total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen and protein at the best fertilizer amount level and less than 20% best fertilizer amount treatment. There had no significantly difference among total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen and protein by the three topping treatments. There obtained a best significant difference among total sugar and reducing sugar at different stalk position, which was lower leaf>middle leaf>upper leaf. A best significant difference was observed in potassium content at different stalk position, which was lower leaf>middle leaf>upper leaf. A rare affection on Potassium uptake by fertilizer and topping and a high genetical stability were obtained.