三江平原白浆土型水稻土氮磷钾养分平衡的研究

白浆土型水稻土养分平衡研究表明,各试区氮素均有较大增产率,平衡可以有一定盈余,不应有任何赤字。但为了保护土壤肥力及保护环境,各试区氮盈余应加以控制。磷素应达到基本平衡或有少量赤字,钾素允许盈亏率可以有赤字,磷钾应基本保持平衡。养分平衡评价可以看出各试区养分收支情况为氮磷是有盈余的,而钾处于亏缺状态。氮磷钾的实际盈亏率均在允许盈亏范围内,说明氮磷钾养分利用情况比较合理。白浆土型水稻土由于长期重施氮磷肥,钾肥的施用量较小,而使土壤养分状况发生改变。已由以前的缺氮、缺磷、不缺钾,转变为不缺氮,磷有余而钾不足。为使三江平原白浆土型水稻土区水稻生产持续发展,首要的问题是实施平衡施肥的问题,即控制氮肥的投入,减少磷肥的投入,适量补充钾肥。在生产过程中既要充分考虑施肥的有效性,也要考虑对环境的友好性。即在考虑增产增收的同时,要顾及资源的永续利用和保护环境。

Study on The Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium Nutrition Balance Case of Albic Rice Soils

The study of nutrient balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of three river plains, Heilongjiang albic rice soils. The study indicated that, each experimental region has a high rate of increase production, the balance could had some surplus, shouldn''t had any deficit. But in order to protect the fertilizer supply ability of soil and environment, the nitrogen surplus of each experimental region should be controlled. The phosphorus should care to a balance or has a few deficit. The potassium could had some surplus. The phosphorus and potassium should keep balance. We can see from the valuation of nutrient balance that the nutrient of revenue and expenditure of each region was nitrogen and phosphorus were surplus, potassium was deficit. The practical rate of gain and loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were all in the permit range, this indicated that exploit of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are rather reasonable. The nutrient of albic rice soil had a great change as the high supply level of nitrogen and phosphorus and low supply level of potassium, this kind of soil now isn''t lack of nitrogen, the phosphorus is surplus and is short of potassium, but it was lack of nitrogen and phosphorus and rich of potassium before. In a word, the chief question is to solve the balance of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium if the production of three river plain, Heilongjiang province albic rice soil need continue development. The solution is to increase the potassium supply, decrease the phosphorus supply appropriately while controlling the nitrogen supply. The negative effect on environment and the efficiency of using fertilizer should be considered during the production which means that the permanent use of resource and protecting environment should be took in consideration which considering increasing the yield.