梅花愈伤组织培养研究初报

该试验以腋芽和胚为外植体，进行了梅花愈伤组织的长期培养及其细胞学的初步观测．结果表明成年母株腋芽外植体启动培养的愈伤率和发芽率在不同品种和不同培养基之间稍有差异，３＃梅花品种和ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ２．０＋ＢＡ１．０＋ＺＴ２．０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１培养基较高．胚在ＭＳ＋ＧＡ１０．０培养基上发芽率高，并形成正常无根苗．暗培养有利于愈伤组织的生长，光培养有利于愈伤组织的分化．水解酪蛋白（ＣＨ）既有利于愈伤组织的生长、增殖，也延长了愈伤组织的寿命．梅花愈伤组织在第四代达到生长高峰，附加ＣＨ之后在第七代又出现一次生长高峰；一代之内第四周生长最快．多次继代培养的结果还表明，ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ５．０＋ＫＴ１．０＋ＣＨ１０００有利于梅花愈伤组织的长期培养．细胞学观测的结果表明，多次继代培养的梅花愈伤组织的细胞形状不规则，核物质相对稀少，并且分化出了很多导管．

Preliminary Report of Callus Culture on Prunus mume

The callus of Prunus mume derived from axillary buds and embryos was in vitro cultured over a long period of time. During the initial culture of axillary buds taken from mature trees, the rate of callus and the rate of sprouting were different not only in different cultivars but also on different media. Both of the rate in 3# cultivar and MS+NAA2.0+BA1.0+ZT2.0 mg·L -1 were higher. The embryo cultured on MS+GA10.0 got a relatively higher germination percentage and grown into normal seedlings at last .The results show that light is beneficial to callus proliferation, while dark maybe beneficial to its differentiation; that casin hydrolysate (CH) is not only helpful to callus proliferation, but can also prolong its life time obviously; that there is a growth peak at the 4th generation and appear again at the 7th generation after supplemented with CH; that callus grows fast on the 4th week within one generation. It is conducted from many times subculture that MS+NAA5.0+KT1.0 +CH1 000 is suitable to callus cultured for a long period. The cytological results show that there are more irregular shaped cells and fewer nuclear substances. Besides a lot of tracheids have been differentiated from the callus .