黑龙江省春小麦主要品质性状和慢锈抗病基因的分子标记检测

1B·1R易位系、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)、多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性、黄色素含量等因素都对小麦加工品质有重要影响,慢锈基因Lr34既抗叶锈,又抗条锈、白粉和秆锈病.为了明确这些基因在黑龙江小麦品种中的分布,并为优质抗病小麦分子标记辅助育种提供材料和方法,本研究利用高分子量谷蛋白亚基Dx5 、By8、1B·1R易住系、PPO、PSY基因和Lr34位点的特异性分子标记对黑龙江省不同地区的169份小麦品种进行鉴定.结果表明,Dx5亚基的频率为43.2％,By8亚基的频率为30.8％,1B·1R易位系的频率为4.7％,Ppo-A1b的频率为33.1％,Psy-A1b的频率为33.7％,含Lr34位点的频率为24.9％；不含1B·1R易位系、同时又具有Dx5和By8、Ppo-A1b、Psy-A1b及Lr34位点的品种只有2份,占1.2％.

Molecular Marker Characterization of Quality and Disease Resistant Genes in Heilongjiang Spring Wheat Varieties

1B·1R translocation, subunits of high molecular weight glutenin, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and yellow pigment content have major impacts on wheat processing quality, and slow rusting gene Lr34 locus is resistant to leaf rust, stripe rust, powdery mildew and stem rust. The accurate and rapid identification of these genes are important for the improvement of wheat quality and disease resistance. In this study, locus specific molecular markers for high molecular weight glutenin subunits of Dx5 and By8, 1B·1R translocation, PPO, PSY gene and Lr34 were used to characterize 169 wheat varieties from different regions of Heilongjiang Province to know the distribution of these genes in wheat varieties of Heilongjiang province, and to verify the reliability and accuracy of those molecular markers, which could provide materials and methods for molecular marker assisted breeding in wheat with good quality and disease resistance. The results showed that the frequencies of Dx5, By8, 1B·1R translocation, Ppo A1b, Psy A1b and Lr34 were 43.2%, 30.8%, 4.7%, 33.1%, 33.7% and 24.9%, respectively; only two lines were detected without 1B·1R translocation and with all the loci of Dx5, By8, Ppo A1b, Psy A1b and Lr34 locus. The gene specific markers used in the present study were repeatable and highly accurate to be effectively used in marker assisted selection for breeding wheat varieties with good quality and disease resistance.