甘蓝型油菜裂角相关性状的遗传与相关分析

抗裂角性是非常重要的油菜性状, 但相关研究报道较少。本研究对11个甘蓝型油菜骨干亲本品系及由其配制的30个不完全双列杂交组合在2个环境下的抗裂角指数及其他7个角果相关性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明, 抗裂角指数遗传变异显著, 遗传上受少数主效基因控制, 效应以加性为主, 显性效应和环境效应影响较小。大部分杂交组合的抗裂角指数杂种优势不显著。抗裂角指数与角果长、果皮重、千粒重和种子直径呈极显著正相关, 与结角密度和角粒数呈极显著负相关。抗裂角性相关性状中, 角果长、千粒重、结角密度和种子直径变异主要由加性方差解释；果皮重和每角粒数主要由显性方差解释。亲本评价分析指出, 作为波里马细胞质雄性不育系统保持系的ZS11B和恢复系的R11其抗裂角性的一般配合力高, 是培育抗裂角杂交油菜品种的首选直接亲本。

Genetic and Correlation Analysis on Pod Shattering Traits in Brassica napus L.

Pod shattering resistance is a very important trait of oilseed rape, and the genetic research has been extremely weak. In this study, pod shattering resistance index (SRI) and other seven pod traits were analyzed based on data collected from a 6×5 incomplete diallel design at two environments. The results demonstrated that obvious genetic variation existed among elite breeding lines and their crosses for pod SRI. Pod shattering resistance was likely controlled by few genes with mainly additive effects, and dominant effects were much less important, whereas the environments played only minor role for pod SRI. There was no significant heterosis in most of the crosses. Pod SRI was detected to be significantly positively correlated with pod length, pod wall weight, 1000-seed weight and seed diameter, but negatively correlated with pod density and number of seeds per pod. The genetic variations of pod length, 1000-seed weight, pod density and seed diameter were mainly explained by additive effects, whereas those of pod wall weight and number of seeds per pod were mainly affected by dominant effects. Among the 11 elite breeding lines, ZS11B and R11 were recommended for using as direct parental lines for making pod shattering resistant cross varieties as maintainer and restorer of lines for Polima cytoplasmic male sterility system, respectively, due to their higher general combining ability on pod SRI and other yield component traits.