添加硫酸对牛粪堆肥过程及其养分变化的影响

为研究不同浓度硫酸对畜禽粪便条垛式堆肥中pH值以及养分含量动态变化的影响，以牛粪和锯末为试验材料，以实验室常用浓硫酸稀释成不同浓度为添加物，在露天进行43 d 的条垛式堆肥，测定堆肥过程中温度、 水分、 pH值、 全量和速效养分含量，并以种子发芽指数测定堆肥效果。结果表明，在初始物料中添加0.2 mol/L、 0.3 mol/L 的硫酸对缩短堆肥高温上升期，降低堆肥 pH 和促进有机质分解，提高堆肥中全氮、 全磷、 全钾、 有效磷、 速效钾含量具有明显效果。其中添加0.2 mol/L硫酸堆体在堆肥43天时全氮、 全钾、 全磷、 速效钾、 有效磷与堆肥对照相比分别增加了19.51%、 13.49%、 6.07%、 21.39%、 9.03%。堆肥结束时各个处理发芽指数均达到80%以上，不会对植物造成毒害作用。整体来说，牛粪堆肥中添加0.2 mol/L的硫酸，堆肥效果最好。本研究为硫酸添加物应用于实际堆肥工程提供了理论依据。

Effects of adding sulphuric acid on composting process of cattle manure and changes of main nutrients

In this study,  to explore the effects of different concentrations of sulphuric acid on changes of pH and main nutrient elements during the windrow compost,  an experiment of cattle manure composting was carried out for 43 days. Besides the control,  three mixtures were treated with addition of different concentrations of sulphuric acid,  0.1 mol/L,  0.2 mol/L and 0.3 mol/L. The results show that during 43 days,  the sulphuric acid addition treatments at 0.2 mol/L and 0.3 mol/L decrease the stage of initial high temperature,  pH and carbon losses significantly,  and increase the contents of total N,  total K,  total P,  available potassium and available phosphorus effectively. The total N,  total K,  total P,  available potassium and available phosphorus in the 0.2 mol/L sulphuric acid compost are increased by 19.51%,  13.49%,  6.07%,  21.39% and 9.03% respectively compared to the control in the 43 days. The germination index (GI) value is over 80% at the end of composting,  implying that the phytotoxicity is eliminated completely. On the whole,  the addition of the 0.2 mol/L sulphuric acid has the best composting effect. The addition of sulphuric acid can provide technical support and basis for cattle manure composting engineering.