抗全蚀病、根腐病的转PgPGIP1基因小麦的获得与鉴定

全蚀病和根腐病是小麦(Triticum aestivum)重要的土传真菌病害。PgPGIP1是人参(Panax ginseng)的一种多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白，可以抑制部分病原真菌分泌的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶的活性。本研究人工合成了PgPGIP1基因，并构建PgPGIP1基因的单子叶植物表达载体pA25-PgPGIP1，通过基因枪介导法将其转入小麦品种扬麦18中。对转PgPGIP1基因的T₀至T₄代植株进行PCR、RT-PCR和Q-RT-PCR分析，并对其全蚀病和根腐病抗性进行鉴定。结果表明，PgPGIP1基因能够在4个转基因小麦株系中遗传、转录与表达。与未转基因的小麦扬麦18相比，4个转基因小麦株系对全蚀病与根腐病的抗性明显提高，说明PgPGIP1表达增强了转基因小麦对全蚀病与根腐病的抗性。

Generation and Characterization of PgPGIP1 Transgenic Wheat Plants with Enhanced Resistance to Take-All and Common Root Rot

Take-all disease is primarily caused by a soil-borne fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt). The disease common root rot is mainly caused by fungal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph Cochliobolus sativus). Both of them are important diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)worldwide. PgPGIP1, a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein from Panax ginseng, can reduce the infection of some fungal phytopathogens through inhibiting the polygalacturonase activity of the pathogens. In this study, the full-length coding sequence of PgPGIP1 gene was synthesized, and the gene transformation vector pA25-PgPGIP1 was constructed. In the expression vector pA25-PgPGIP1, the PgPGIP1 gene can be expressed highly in monocot plants driving by maize ubiquitin promoter. Embryo callus of Yangmai 18 was bombarded by the gold particle containing pA25-PgPGIP1. The transgenic wheat plants from T₀ to T₄ generations were subjected to PCR, RT-PCR, and Q-RT-PCR assays. Results showed that the PgPGIP1 gene was indeed introduced into four transgenic wheat lines, and inherited from T₀ to T₄ generations and expressed. After inoculation with Ggt and B. sorokiniana, the disease evaluations showed that the four transgenic wheat lines expressing PgPGIP1 displayed an enhanced resistances to take-all and common root rot compared with untransformed Yangmai 18.