籼粳稻杂交对中国东北粳稻品质的影响

从系谱分析，中国东北粳稻改良品种大多是籼粳稻杂交育成的，以生产上推广的中国东北粳稻与日本粳稻为试材，利用籼粳特异性InDel与SSILP标记分析籼稻血缘相对含量，以程氏指数法比较形态分化差异，同时测定10项主要稻米品质性状，分析籼稻血缘、形态分化与品质性状的关系。结果表明，中国东北粳稻在保持粳型遗传背景的同时引入了较多的籼型血缘，籼型位点频率平均为4.71%，显著高于日本粳稻的0.30%。中国东北粳稻12条染色体籼型位点频率差异很大，第5、第6、第10和第11染色体超过5%，最高的第5染色体达到9.83%，最低的第7染色体只有0.59%。籼型位点频率为辽宁(6.17%)>吉林(3.92%)>黑龙江(3.44%)，辽宁显著高于吉林和黑龙江，而吉林与黑龙江差异不显著。程氏指数法分别将中国东北粳稻和日本粳稻判别为偏粳类型和粳型，穗颈维管束性状也有明显差异。日本粳稻碾磨品质明显优于中国东北粳稻。程氏指数与碾磨品质呈极显著正相关。籼型位点频率与碾磨品质和食味值呈极显著或显著的负相关，与垩白粒率呈极显著正相关，黑龙江品种垩白粒率和垩白度低是中国东北粳稻垩白性状总体低于日本粳稻的主要原因。

Effect of Indica-Japonica Hybridization on Grain Quality of Rice Cultivars in Northeast China

Most cultivated varieties were bred from indica–japonica hybridization in Northeast China. In this study, we collected major japonica rice varieties widely cultivated in Northeast China and Japanese varietiesas research materials, using subspecies-specific InDel and SSILP markers determined the proportion of indica pedigree in japonica cultivars, compared the morphological differentiation with the Cheng’s index, and measured 10 rice quality traits to study the relationship of indica pedigree, morphological differentiation and grain quality with correlation analysis. The results indicated that the indica-type allele frequency of Northeast japonica cultivars was 4.71% and extremely higher than that of Japanese varieties (0.30%); Indica-type loci frequency of Northeast japonica cultivars among 12 rice chromosomes was greatly different, that of chromosomes 5, 6, 10, and 11 was more than 5%, indica-type loci frequency of chromosome 5 was the most (9.83%), while chromosomes 7 was the least (0.59%). Indica-type allele frequency of rice cultivars in Northeast China showed an order of Liaoning (6.17%) > Jilin (3.92%) > Heilongjiang (3.44%), with significant different between Liaoning and Jilin, Heilongjiang, and no great difference between Jilin and Heilongjiang. The subspecies type of the Northeast cultivated varieties and Japanese varieties was japonicalinous and typical japonica respectively identilgied by Cheng’s index, and vascular bundle characters also greatly differred too. Rice milling quality of Japan preceded than that of Northeast China. Cheng’s index had very significantly positive correlations with rice milling quality. Indica-genotype frequencies had very significantly or significantly negative correlations with milling quality and taste score. The chalky grain rate was very significantly and positively correlated with indica-genotype frequencies. The main reason of lower chalkiness traits of japonica in Northeast China than in Japan was that the chalky grain rate and chalkiness were very low in Heilongjang.