甜菜单体附加系M14种子形成方式

以具有显性标记性状的红叶柄栽培甜菜为父本与绿叶柄M14甜菜杂交，观察F₁植株叶柄颜色；利用SSR标记分析甜菜M14世代间的遗传相关性。结果显示，甜菜单体附加系M14传递率维持在较高水平；在人工去雄授粉条件下，F₁代植株叶柄颜色均为红色，甜菜M14通过接受外来遗传物质及精卵结合的有性生殖方式繁殖种子；M14株系中不存在与其母本株SSR标记基因型精确相同的植株。表明甜菜M14通过精卵融合的有性生殖而非无融合生殖形成种子。Southern blot结果显示，从甜菜M14反转得到的栽培甜菜染色体中普遍含有白花甜菜DNA，暗示甜菜M14形成雌配子体及卵子过程中存在减数分裂过程和较高频率的染色体畸变。推测甜菜单体附加系M14高频传递现象可能是由于附加的白花甜菜第9号染色体具有杀配子功能。

Seed-Setting Mode of Monosomic Addition Line M14 of Sugar Beet Beta corolliflora

A cross combination of M14 with green petiole ×B. vulgaris with red petiole was prepared to observe the dominant trait marker of hybridplants，and thegenetic correlation between the maternal plant and F₁ generationof M14 based on the SSR analysis. The result showed that M14 had higher transmission rate of the alien chromosome. Multiplied seeds came from the union of male and female gametes under artificial pollination, and the petiole color of all the hybrid plants was red. There was no the exactly identical genotype in the progeny compared with the maternal plant. It indicated that the seed-setting mode of M14 is not apomixis, but sexual reproduction. Southern blot showed that the chromosomes of B. vulgaris reversed from M14 sharing the DNA sequence ofB. corolliflora,it is implying that there was popular meiosis and chromosome aberration during the female gamete formation of sugar-beet M14. The study came to the conclusion that higher transmission frequency of the alien chromosome of sugar-beet M14 is probably induced by the chromosome 9 of Beta corolliflora with gametocidal function.