有机和无机烟草专用肥配合施用对烟草生产效益和肥料氮素利用率的影响

通过盆栽和田间试验方法，研究了烟草无机专用肥与烟草生物有机专用肥配合施用对烟草整个生育期土壤氮素水平、 烟草地上部干物质累积量、 产量及其氮素利用率的影响。研究结果表明， 与单施烟草无机专用、 烟草生物有机专用肥相比，70%无机专用肥氮+30%生物有机专用肥氮，总施氮量为60 kg/hm2时，烟草整个生育期土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量分别显著提高了3.75%~118.14%、 0~16.35%、 全氮含量提高了0.77%~10.42%，烟草地上部分干物质累积量增加了0.76%~51.88%，增产8.63%~15.28%，土壤偏生产力提高了5.39%~27.24%，烟草氮素利用率提高了3.21%~208.38%，烟草的生产效益和氮素利用率均达到了最佳，而生物有机专用肥氮在总氮量中所占比例为5%时，对烟草整个生育期土壤有效氮含量、 烟草产量和氮素利用率作用不明显。 因此， 70%无机专用肥氮与30%生物有机专用肥氮配施、 总氮量为60 kg/hm2是值得推荐的配施比例和用量。

Effects of combined application of biological organic fertilizer and inorganic compound fertilizer on the tobacco profit and nitrogen use efficiency

A biological organic fertilizer (BOF) and a inorganic compound fertilizer (ICF) specified for tobacco were chosen to study the suitable ratio of their combined application. A pot experiment and a field trial were conducted and five treatments were designed to investigate their effects on the soil available N contents,  the above ground dry matter accumulation and yield of tobacco,  and the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency. The results show that the contents of soil NO^-₃-N,  NH⁺₄-N and total N are significantly increased by 3.75%-118.14%,  0-16.35% and 0.77%-10.42% respectively during the whole tobacco growth stage,  the above ground tobacco dry matter increased by 0.76%-51.88%,  the tobacco yield increased by 8.63%-15.28%,  the fertilizer N use efficiency was improved by 3.21%-208.38% and the partial soil productivity increased by 5.39%-27.24% with the combined ratio of 70% ICF-N plus 30% BOF-N in the 60 kg/ha application N rate,  compared with the 100% ICF-N treatment and 100% BOF-N treatment and the other combined ratios. In conclusion,  the combined ratio of 70% ICF-N plus 30% BOF-N in the application N rate 60 kg/ha is the best one that should be recommended for the tobacco production and profit.