苹果花朵柱头败育的发生规律

以红星、富士、国光、金冠、乔纳金及阳光苹果为试材,系统调查研究了1992年开花期间苹果花朵柱头败育的发生规律。在小范围内,树冠西北侧受害重,东南侧受害轻;在树冠100cm 以下冠层内受害重.250cm 以上冠层基本不受害。在大范围内,山西省中北部苹果产区均有发生。在苹果品种上,红星受害最重,富士次之,国光、金冠较轻,乔纳金、阳光不受伤害。苹果砧木 M_9、M_7的红星嫁接树受害最重,山定子、八棱海棠居中,SDC 系砧木嫁接树受害最轻。研究结果认为柱头败育主要诱导因子是花芽萌动前期的突然降温,通过筛选适宜的苹果砧木及品种可以减轻柱头败育发生率。

Regularity about Stigma Abortion in Apple Flower

The cultivars Starking,Fuji,Ralls,Golden Delicious,Jonagold and Yoko were used to investigate the regularity about flower stigma abortion during the blooming period in 1992.The results showed that flower stigma were injured seriously in northwest tree—crown and lightly in southeast part.Stigma abortion occured gravely under 100 centimetre tree—crown but above 250 centimetre crown abortive symptom was not serious at all.In the large range,stigma abortion phenomenon occured in centre and north part of Shanxi.The cultivars Starking and Fuji were in- jured heavily,Ralls and Golden Delicious slightly,but Jonagold and Yoko were not harmed at all.Starking was hurted seriously with M_9 and M_7 and harmed lightly with line SDC apple root- stock.The author suggest that sharp low temperature in early buding stage was main factor for stigma abortion and selecting cultivar and rootstock is a useful way to resist flower harm.