油菜籽粒干物质来源的研究

本试验采用分部位去叶、遮光、环割果柄和测定茎枝的干物质积累等方法,研究了油菜的光合产物和贮藏物质对籽粒产量的影响,结果表明:(1)角果的光合产物是籽粒产量的主要来源,占2/3左右,其中果喙的光合产物约占籽粒产量的8％。(2)茎枝的光合产物对产量的贡献占13.5％,其中花序轴供给约5％。(3)茎枝中的贮藏物质对籽粒的灌浆结实作用较小,占10％以下。(4)叶片的光合产物直接用于籽粒灌浆结实的量很少,约占10％;它主要是通过影响植株、角果和内部籽粒的正常生长发育而影响产量。(5)油菜高产栽培的首要问题是调节结角层结构,使之处于良好的环境条件下,就个体而言,并不要求植株过分粗大。

Studies on the Sources of the Dry Matter in the Seed of Rapeseed

Treatments of partial removal of leaves, shading and circumferential cutting ofpedicals were carried out and the accumulation of the dry matter in the stem andbranches of rapeseed plant was measured in order to study the influence of thephotosynthates and storage matter of different plant parts on the seed yield ofrapeseed.The results indicated that: (1) The photosynthates of the seed-pod are the main sources of seed yield,contributing about 2/3 of the total dry matter of the latter, whereas the beak of theseed-pod about 8%. (2) The contribution of the stem and branches to the seed yield is about 13.5%,that of the rachis, about 5%. (3) The effect of the storage matter in the stem and branches on the filling andseedset of the seed is comparatively small, less than 10%. (4) The direct contribution of the photosynthates of the leaves to seed yield israther small, Only about 10%. They influence the seed yield mainly through the nor-mal growth and development of the sebdpod. (5) The most important problem for high-yielding culture practices of rapeseed isthe regulation of the population structure of the seed-pod layer; too robust individualplants are not necessarily desirable.