氮肥运筹比例对稻田套播强筋小麦子粒品质和产量的影响

为探索稻田套播强筋小麦实现优质高产的适宜氮肥运筹比例,选用强筋小麦品种烟农19,于2004至2006年在江苏淮北的铜山和赣榆两地研究了5种氮肥运筹比例(基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥分别为6∶1∶3∶0、5∶1∶4∶0、5∶1∶2∶2、3∶3∶2∶2和3∶3∶1∶3)对稻茬强筋小麦子粒产量和营养品质与加工品质的影响。结果表明,随拔节肥和孕穗肥施氮比例上升:1)子粒蛋白质和湿面筋含量上升,但对清蛋白与球蛋白含量影响较小,对醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白含量影响较大;2)子粒淀粉含量下降,面粉峰值粘度、低谷粘度、稀解值和最终粘度呈先下降后又上升的趋势;3)面团形成时间和稳定时间增加;4)子粒产量逐渐升高,但后期施肥比例过高,产量有所下降。因此,稻田套播强筋小麦优质高产栽培氮肥运筹宜采用基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为3∶3∶2∶2的比例。

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on grain quality and yield of strong-gluten wheat interplanted with rice

The effects of nitrogen application ratios at different growing stages of wheat on grain quality and yield of interplanted strong-gluten wheat in paddy fields were studied. The field experiment was conducted in Tongshan and Ganyu (Huaibei Area, Jiangsu province) from 2004 to 2006. There were five nitrogen application ratios, namely 6∶1∶3∶0 (base:tillering:elongation:booting), 5∶1∶4∶0, 5∶1∶2∶2, 3∶3∶2∶2 and 3∶3∶1∶3 in the experiment. The cultivar was Yannong 19. The results: 1) the grain protein and wet gluten contents are increased when nitrogen fertilizer application time is defered, and nitrogen fertilizer application time has less effects on albumin and globulin contents, while has great impact on gliadin and glutenin contents; 2) Grain starch content of wheat flour is decreased when the elongation and booting N fertilizer applied amount is increased, and peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown and final viscosity of flour are increased at first and then eventually dropped; 3) Dough development time and stability time are increased as the proportion of elongation and booting N fertilizer is increased; 4) Grain yield is increased as the proportion of elongation and booting N fertilizer is increased, while the yield is decreased when the ratio of elongation and booting N fertilizer is too high. In order to get high grain yield and good quality, the suitable nitrogen application ratio (base:tillering:elongation:booting) is 3∶3∶2∶2 for interplanted strong-gluten wheat in paddy fields.