秦岭大熊猫喜居森林群落的基本特征

目的]探明佛坪自然保护区大熊猫活动频繁的森林群落植物种类组成、优势树种和生活型谱等特征。方法]采用样方调查法,对秦岭大熊猫喜居森林群落(冬居地、夏居地)中的乔木、灌木及草木进行了调查,并计算各物种重要值及优势度。结果]秦岭大熊猫冬季喜居群落是以锐齿槲栎、四照花、榛子、油松、华山松、白檀、野樱桃、漆树、木姜子和板栗为优势树种的暖温带针阔混交林;夏季喜居群落是以巴山冷杉、牛皮桦、红桦、野山楂、青柞槭、栓翅卫矛、茶条槭、臭樱、稠李为优势树种的亚高山针叶林。调查群落内共出现种子植物256种,分属于72科158属。种子植物中有木本植物160种,草本植物96种,分别占植物总数的62.5%和37.5%。在区系组成上主要反映了大熊猫喜居群落的过渡性和孑遗性特征。从生活型谱可以看出高位芽和地面芽植物占优势,分别为62.49%和28.13%。由此可见秦岭大熊猫喜居森林群落同时具有暖温带针阔混交林和亚高山针叶林性质的特征。结论]结果为大熊猫生境恢复和重建提供了重要的理论依据。

Basic Characteristics of the Panda-inhabited Forest Communities in Qinling

Objective] To study the species composition,dominant species and life form spectrum of the panda-inhabited forest communities in Foping nature reserve.Method] The arbor,shrub and herbs in the panda-inhabited forest communities(winter habitats and summer habitats) of Qinliang were investigated with quadrat survey method,and the importance value and dominance degree of each species were calculated.Result]The panda-inhabited communities in winter was the warm temperate mixed broadleaf-conifer forest with the dominant species of Quercus aliena,Cronus japonica,Corylus chinensis,Pinus sinensis,Pinus armandii Franch.,Symplocos paniculata,Wild cherry,Rhus verniciflera,Litsea pungens and Chestnut tree;while the inhabited communities in summer was the subalpine coniferous forest with the dominant species of Abies fargesii Franch.,Betula utilis,Betula albosinensis Burk.,Crataegi cuneatae,Acer davidii,Euonymus phellomanus,Acer ginnala,Maddenia hypoleuca and Prunus padus L..Among the investigated community,there were 256 species of spermatophyte,belonging to 158 genera in 72 families.Among the spermatophyte,there were 160 species of xylophyta and 96 species of herbs,accounting for 62.5% and 37.5% of total plants.The flora composition of the forest community reflected the transitional and relict features of panda-inhabited communities.The life-form spectrum indicated that high bud and ground bud plants were dominant,accounting for 62.49% and 28.13%.Conclusion] All above all reflected that the panda-inhabited forest community in Qinling was characterized by the features of both warm temperate mixed broadleaf-conifer forest and subalpine coniferous forest.