水稻三系不育系开花习性研究

目的]掌握源A5、源A10的开花习性与异交结实率的关系,为其更好地应用于三系杂交水稻的种子生产提供科学依据。方法]于2010年3～6月在广西农业职业技术学院实习农场对源A5、源A10、珍汕97A、金23A的开花习性进行观察试验,调查和测量开花历期、单穗逐日开花动态、日开花动态、闭颖开花率、柱头外露率和开颖角度。结果]在南宁的自然天气条件下,源A5整体开花历期为14d,单穗开花历期为6 d;开花后第2天进入盛花期,占开花数的30.71%;开花时间为08:00～14:00,开花高峰期出现在12:00;闭颖开花率占47.7%,柱头外露率为66.9%,颖壳张开度29.1°。在南宁的自然天气条件下,源A10整体开花历期为14 d,单穗开花历期为6 d;开花后在第2天进入盛花期,占开花数的33.79%;开花时间为08:00～14:00,开花高峰期出现在12:00;闭颖开花率占49.2%,柱头外露率为72.9%,颖壳张开度30.3°。在南宁的自然天气条件下,珍汕A整体开花历期为15 d,金A整体开花历期为17 d,单穗开花历期均为7d;开花盛期均出现在开花后第4天;开花时间分别为09:00～13:00、08:00～14:00,开花高峰期分别为11:30、11:00;闭颖开花率分别占30.2%和35.4%,柱头外露率分别为46.7%和77.3%,颖壳张开度为26.4°和25.6°。结论]该研究可为新的不育系在生产上大面积杂交制种提供参考。

Study on Flowering Habits of Genic Male Sterile Lines of Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Objective] The aim was to master the relation between flowering habits of Yuan A5 and Yuan A10 and their out crossing rate,to provide a scientific basis for better applying them in seed yield of three lines hybrid rice.Method] The flowering habits of Yuan A5,Yuan A10,Zhenshan97A and Jin23A in practice farm of Guangxi Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture from March to June,2010,and the blooming duration,the blooming dynamics per spike every day,the blooming dynamics in one day,the blooming rate of close glume,the exsertion rate of stigma and the angle of glume opening were investigated and measured.Result] In the nature weather condition of Nanning,the blooming duration of Yuan A5 is 14 days,its blooming duration per spike is 6 days;Its full-bloom stage is the second day after blooming beginning and the blooming number occupies the 30.71% of the total;Its blooming time is 08:00-14:00 and the peak time is 12:00;Its blooming rate of close glume is 47.7%,its exsertion rate of stigma is 66.9%,its angle of glume opening is 29.1°.In the nature weather condition of Nanning,the blooming duration of Yuan A10 is 14 days,its blooming duration per spike is 6 days;Its full-bloom stage is the second day after blooming beginning and the blooming number occupies the 33.79% of the total;Its blooming time is 08:00-14:00 and the peak time is 12:00;Its blooming rate of close glume is 49.2%,its exsertion rate of stigma is 72.9%,its angle of glume opening is 30.3°.In the nature weather condition of Nanning,the blooming duration of Zhenshan97A and Jin23A is 15,17 days,respectively,and their blooming duration per spike is both 7 days;Their full-bloom stage is both the fourth day after blooming beginning and the peak time is 11:30,11:00 respectively;Their blooming time is 09:00-13:00,08:00-14:00;Their blooming rate of close glume is 30.2%,35.4%,their exsertion rate of stigma is 46.7%,77.3%,their angle of glume opening is 26.4°,25.6°,respectively.Conclusion] The study provides a reference for applying new sterile lines in hybrid seed production in a large scale.