有机肥配施化肥对毛竹产量和土壤养分的影响

目的]研究有机肥配施化肥对毛竹产量和土壤养分的影响。方法]通过连续4年有机肥和化肥配施试验,3个等量化肥处理和3个不施化肥处理,研究各处理对毛竹产量和土壤养分的影响。结果]菜饼配施化肥处理毛竹产量最高,累计产竹量达50.05t/hm2,比对照增产75.2%。菜饼配施化肥和栏肥配施化肥分别比单施化肥毛竹产量增长率为28.1%～22.7%;单施菜饼和施栏肥比对照增产16.2%～9.8%。有机肥配施化肥年竹产量呈逐年提高趋势,而单施化肥年产量不稳定。土壤有机质含量施栏肥增幅大,菜饼次之,无机区增幅较小。土壤碱解氮、速效磷和有效钾增幅最大的是菜饼配施化肥,其次为配施栏肥。结论]菜饼配施化肥对毛竹产量提高和土壤改良效果最明显,栏肥配施化肥也是一条有效措施。但最佳施肥量应根据不同地区的土壤气候条件来确定。

Effects of Application of Organic Manures Combined with Chemical Fertilizers on the Yield of Moso Bamboo and Soil Nutrients

Objective] To study the effect of application of organic manures combined with chemical fertilizers on the yield of moso bamboo and soil nutrients.Method] Through four consecutive years’ experiments on the combined application of organic manures with chemical fertilizers,three treatments of equivalent chemical fertilizers and three treatments without chemical fertilizers were designed to investigate their effects on yield of Moso Bamboo and soil nutrients.Result] The yield of Moso Bamboo treated with chemical fertilizers combined with rapeseed cake was highest,and its accumulative Moso Bamboo yield reached 50.05 t/hm2,which was improved by 75.2% compared with the control.Compared with pure chemical fertilizer application,the growth rate of Moso Bamboo yield treated with chemical fertilizers combined with rapeseed cake or barnyard manure were 28.1%-22.7%;the yield of Moso Bamboo treated with pure rapeseed cake or barnyard manure were improved by 16.2%-9.8%.The yield of Moso Bamboo treated with organic manures combined with chemical fertilizers had a gradually improving trend,while the yield of Moso Bamboo treated with pure chemical fertilizer were unstable.Effects on increasing soil organic matter was as follow: barnyard manure > rapeseed cake > pure chemical fertilizer;the treatment of chemical fertilizers combined with rapeseed cake had the largest increasing on soil alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P and K,then was the treatment of chemical fertilizers combined with barnyard manure.Conclusion] Rapeseed cake combined with chemical fertilizers had the most significant effects on improving Moso Bamboo yield and soil nutrients.And barnyard manure combined with chemical fertilizers was also an effective measure.But the best suitable rate of fertilizer should be based on soil and climate conditions in different regions.