不同杂优群玉米亲本及其杂交种抗旱生理性状比较研究

[目的]对不同杂优群玉米(Zea mays L.)亲本及其杂交种的抗旱性生理性状进行比较,为提高不同杂优模式和优良杂交种的利用率,提高玉米抗旱性育种的预见性提供参考。[方法]以来源于不同杂优群的10个自交系及其组配的7个杂交种为试材,对各杂优群亲本及其杂交种抗旱性生理性状进行比较研究。[结果]黄C的丙二醛(MDA)含量最高,抗旱性最差,而四平头群的K12表现最好。沈单16(四平头群×PB群)的MDA含量最低,抵抗干旱的能力强于其他品种。旅群或PB群杂交组配的方式不同,后代在同等干旱条件下,游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量差异显著;对过氧化物酶(POD)活性进行测定和比较,并非所有的杂交种POD活性都表现出杂种优势。[结论]基础种质有存在的必要性,利用新种质改良时应注意组配方式的选择。低Pro和MDA含量的Reid群与POD活性强的旅群自交系组合,强POD活性、低MDA含量的PB群宜作父本,而Pro含量低的PB群宜作母本分别与四平头群和Reid群组配,是F1代抗旱性改良较好的杂优模式。

Comparison of Physiological Characteristics of Drought Resistance between Parental Lines and Hybrids from Different Heterosis Groups in Maize(Zea mays L.)

[Objective ] To compare the physiological characteristics of drought resistance between parental lines and hybrids from different heterosis groups in maize,so as to improve different heterosis models and the utilization rate of good hybrids,and provide references for breeding the cultivars with good drought resistance.[Method] With the 10 inbred lines and seven hybrids from different heterosis groups as the study materials,their physiochemical characters were studied.[Result] Huang C had the highest content of MDA while K12 had the lowest.Shendan16(Sipingtu group ×PB group) had the strongest capacity of drought-resistance.Ludahonggu group or PB group,due to their different hybrid patterns,Pro content in their progenies were significantly different under the same drought conditions;so far as POD activity was concerned,not the POD activity of all hybrids presented heterosis.[Conclusion] Basic germplasm was necessary,when improving the new germplasms,their combination patterns should be paid attention to.Reid group which had lower content of Pro and MDA preferred to combine with Ludahonggu group which had stronger POD activities;PB group with stronger POD activities and lower MDA contents fitted to be father line,while PB group with lower Pro contents fitted to be mother line and separately combined with Sipingtou group and Reid group,these heterosis models were better ones which had stronger drought-resistance.