小GTPase蛋白家族的研究进展

目的]综述小G蛋白家族的研究进展,为更深入地解析小G蛋白的结构、功能及其分子作用模式提供参考。方法]介绍了小G蛋白的结构、作用机制以及分类,着重综述了其各个亚家族的生物学功能。结果]小G蛋白是真核生物的1个超基因家族,其成员超过100个,被分为Ras、Rho、Rab、Sar/Arf和Ran5个亚家族,分别参与细胞骨架组装、基因表达、细胞壁合成、囊泡运输、核质运输、微管形成、酵母出芽、纺锤体组装及细胞极性生长等诸多生命体活动过程。结论]小G蛋白家族成员庞大,其分子作用机制及其调控的复杂网络有待进一步研究。

Research Progress of the Small GTPase Family

Objective] The aim was to summarize the research progress of small GTPase family,to provide reference for deeply analyzing the structure,function and its molecular action model of small GTPase.Methods] The structure,mechanism of action and classification of small GTPase were introduced,moreover,the biological functions of each subfamily were summarized emphatically.Result] The small GTPase is a large superfamily in eukaryotes,which contains more than 100 members.It is classified into Ras,Rho,Rab,Sar/Arf and Ran five distinct families,each of them participate in various physiological processes of organism such as cytoskeletal reorganization,gene expression,cell wall synthesis,vesicle trafficking,nucleocytoplasmic trafficking,microtubules formation,yeast budding process,spindle assembly and polarity of the cell growth.Conclusion] The small GTPase has many members,its molecular action mechanism and regulatory complex network remain to be further studied.