西瓜常见果实发育异常的原因及预防措施

分析了西瓜生产上常见果实发育异常（畸形、空心、汤瓤、裂瓜等）的主要原因，如异常温度、多雨寡照、授粉不良或不匀、肥力水平低及营养失衡、留瓜节径不当、肥水供应不均、过迟采收、病虫危害及品种本身的问题等。提出实行轮作、地膜覆盖栽培、均衡肥水管理、科学人工授粉、合理选留坐瓜节位、及早预防病虫危害、选好品种、适期种植和采收等措施，可以有效地预防西瓜果实异常发育，提高西瓜生产效益，达到丰产丰收的目的。

Causes and Preventive Measures for Common Developmental Abnormalities of Water Melon

The major causes for common developmental abnormalities (deformity, hollow fruit, fruit fissuring, etc.) of water melon were analyzed, which are abnormal temperature, raininess, scant light, poor pollination, low fertility, nutrition imbalance, improper fruit reserving node, unequal application of water and fertilizer, harvest too late, pests and diseases damage and self-problems of variety. In order to prevent the developmental abnormalities of water melon effectively, enhance the producing benefit of water melon and achieve the purposes of fertility and abundant harvest, the countermeasures were proposed as follows: implementing rotation system, plastic film mulching cultivation, equal management of water and fertilizer, scientific artificial pollination, rationally selecting and reserving fruit node, preventing pests and diseases as soon as possible, selecting quality varieties and planting and harvesting in suitable period, etc..