杀雄剂CH1对冬小麦雄性不育的效应研究

为探讨化学杀雄剂CH1对冬小麦雄性不育的诱导效果及其与乙烯利的互作效应、筛选CH1最佳使用剂量和表面活化剂组合，用6个CH1剂量水平、7种表面活化剂和3种浓度的乙烯利进行不同配伍组合，对不同组合处理下3个小麦品种的农艺性状、雄性不育率和饱和授粉结实率进行了分析。结果表明：（1）在15~30 g·hm^-2剂量下，CH1可诱导3个品种雄性不育率达95%以上，说明CH1具有诱导小麦雄性不育的作用；随CH1剂量的增加，3个品种的饱和授粉结实率均呈下降趋势，其中20~30 g·hm^-2处理的饱和授粉结实率明显偏低，推测雌蕊受到了一定的伤害；（2）观察花药和雌蕊发育情况，发现未喷施CH1的植株花药大且开裂，羽毛状柱头较大，而CH1处理的不育株花药瘦小，呈剑状，不开裂，羽毛状柱头较小；（3）随着CH1剂量的增加，3个品种均表现出株高逐渐降低和抽穗期延迟的现象，CH1对旗叶的药害反应因品种不同存在差异；（4）CH1剂量为10 g·hm^-2时，与其他表面活化剂相比，NE1820对普冰151的旗叶伤害较轻，对株高无明显抑制作用，可提高饱和授粉结实率；(5) CH1剂量为15 g·hm^-2时，添加2种浓度乙烯利后，3个品种的株高比未添加乙烯利降低，抽穗期延迟，其中添加5 mL·L^-1乙烯利后3个品种均能达到100%雄性不育，并且饱和授粉结实率相比未添加乙烯利平均高7%左右。因此，CH1采用15 g·hm^-2剂量，配伍1% NE1820和5 mL·L^-1乙烯利可诱导小麦产生完全的雄性不育，且获得较高的授粉结实率，可作为杂交小麦制种候选方案进一步研究与利用。

Wheat Male Sterility Induced by the Chemical Hybridizing Agent CH1

In order to investigate the induction effect of chemical male sterility agent CH1 on winter wheat male sterility and its interaction with ethylene, and to screen the best dosage and surfactant combination of CH1, three wheat varieties, six dosage levels of CH1, seven surfactants and three concentrations of ethylene were used. The results showed that at a dose of 15-30 g·hm^-2, CH1 could induce more than 95% of male sterility rate in three varieties, indicating that CH1 had the effect of inducing male sterility in wheat. With the increase of CH1 dosage, the saturation pollination seed setting rate of all three varieties showed a downward trend, among which the saturation pollination seed setting rate of 20-30 g·hm^-2 treatment was significantly lower, indicating that the pistils were damaged to some extent. Observation of the development of anthers and pistils showed that plants without spraying CH1 exhibited characteristics of large and dehiscent anthers with larger feathery stigmas, while sterile plants treated with other treatments had thinner anthers, sword like, non dehiscent, and smaller feathery stigmas. In the one-time application of CH1 on the leaf surface, as the dosage increased, all three varieties showed a gradual decrease in plant height and a delay at heading stage. The response of CH1 to flag leaf injury varied among different varieties. When the CH1 dosage was 10 g·hm^-2, compared with other surfactants, NE1820 caused less damage to the flag leaves of Pubing 151, had no significant inhibitory effect on plant height, and had a higher saturation pollination seed setting rate. When the CH1 dosage was 15 g·hm^-2, the plant height of the three varieties was lower than that of the three varieties without ethylene and the heading date was delayed after adding two concentrations of ethylene. After adding 5 mL·L^-1 of ethylene, 100% male sterility rate can be induced in the three varieties, and the saturation pollination seed setting rate was about 7% higher than that of the three varieties without ethylene. Therefore, 15 g·hm^-2 dosage of CH1 combined with 1% NE1820 and 5 mL·L^-1 ethylene can induce complete male sterility of wheat and obtain higher pollination and seed setting rate, which can be further studied and utilized as a candidate scheme for hybrid wheat seed production.