水利工程对霍林河下游湿地的影响

提出水利工程的修建对地处霍林河下游半干旱区域的科尔沁与向海国家级自然保护区湿地带来的负面效应。水资源的拦截会减少上游来水,使沿河湿地得不到充足的地表水补充,水位下降,乃至干涸,进而会影响到该区域内地下水的补给;对半干旱地区的水边植物群落影响较大,湿生植被会逐渐演变为旱生植被,洪水泛滥次数减少也使珍稀水禽孵化的次数和规模降低,导致数量减少;该区域高生物产量的洪泛湿地会逐渐萎缩、破碎,直至大面积丧失,本已脆弱的生态平衡会遭到严重破坏。针对可能产生的负面效应提出了在霍林河全流域实施统一管理的预防措施。

Impact of Reservoir Project on Downstream Wetlands of Huolin River

This paper presents negative effects of the reservoir project on Keerqin and Xianghai wetlands of State Nature Reserve located at semiarid area of Huolin River downstream. If the project being initiated unreasonably, capacity for holding up of water resource will reduce upstream's coming water and make no efficient surface-water supplement for wetlands along the river, associating with water level decline and even dry up and affect the groundwater supply. It will also apparently affect the waterside flora located in semiarid area and will make wetlands plants evolve into dryland plants gradually. The decline of flood frequency decreases the incubation times and scale of rare waterfowls, resulting in their number to decrease. High productive flood wetlands in this area will be gradually shrunk, be fractured and until totally lost, the vulnerable ecological balance will be havoc. This paper submits relevant countermeasures for dealing with the possible negative impact with basing on integrate management of full catchment of Huolin River.