黄淮海地区大豆主栽品种对8个大豆疫霉菌株的抗性评价

随着麦茬免耕栽培技术的推广应用,黄淮海地区麦后夏播大豆生产中疫霉根腐病呈加重趋势。了解该地区大豆主栽品种对疫霉根腐病的抗性和筛选抗病亲本,对培育新的高产广适抗病品种具有重要意义。本研究利用8个具有不同毒力的大豆疫霉菌株,采用下胚轴创伤接种法,对20世纪50年代以来黄淮海地区审定、推广的140个大豆主栽品种进行接种鉴定。表明除6个品种对8个菌株均无抗性外,其余134个品种分别抗1~8个大豆疫霉菌株,占鉴定品种总数的95.7%,其中抗6~8个以上菌株的品种有83个,占鉴定品种总数的59.3%。以14个鉴别寄主的抗病反应型为参照,发现134个品种对8个大豆疫霉菌株共产生65种反应型,其中19个品种产生的5种反应型与已知单基因或2个单基因组合反应型相同;115个品种产生的60种反应型与含有已知单基因或2个单基因组合的反应型不同,推测可能含有新的抗病基因或基因组合。根据研究结果合理选择亲本,可培育出聚合多个抗性基因且综合性状优良的大豆新品种。

Resistance Evaluation to Eight Phytophthora sojae Isolates for Major Soybean Cultivars in Huang-Huai-Hai Rivers Valley

With the application of wheat stubble no-tillage cultivation technology, the occurrence rate of phytophthora root rot of soybean is getting higher in the Huang-Huai-Hai Rivers Valley. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the resistance of the widely-grown soybean cultivars to phytophthora root rot and to screen disease-resistant resources for soybean improvement. In the current study, a total of 140 soybean cultivars, widely-grown in Huang-Huai-Hai Rivers Valley since the 1950s, were investigated for their response to eight strains of Phytophthora sojae through the hypocotyl inoculation method. Six cultivars were susceptible to all eight strains, and 134 or 95.7% of the identified cultivars were resistant to one to eight strains of Phytophthora sojae. Among the cultivars, 83 or 59.3% were resistant to more than six Phytophthora sojae strains, and showed 65 reaction types identified by comparing with the reaction types of 14 reference cultivars. Five reaction types produced by 19 cultivars were the same as those of the known single gene or two gene combinations, and 60 reaction types produced by 115 cultivars were different from those controlled by the known single gene or two gene combinations, suggesting that there were novel resistant genes or gene combinations. The research results are available for selecting parents to breed new elite soybean cultivars with pyramided of resistant genes and excellent agronomic performances.