寄主诱导的基因沉默提高植物真菌病害抗性研究进展

寄主诱导的基因沉默(host-induced gene silencing,HIGS)以病原菌生长发育、产孢繁殖、侵染或致病过程中的关键基因作为靶点,在寄主植物中表达针对靶基因的RNAi构建体,在病原菌侵染植物的过程中,摄入相应的ds RNA或si RNA分子,通过识别、结合特异核苷酸序列,干扰病菌靶基因表达,从而抑制病菌侵染和扩展,使植物表现抗病。这项技术为培育基于病原菌特异序列的植物抗病性奠定了基础,显示了巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了利用HIGS技术提高植物真菌病抗性的最新研究进展,总结了国内外利用这项技术改良植物真菌病害抗性的主要策略、技术路线,展望了发展应用前景。

Progress in Enhancement of Plant Resistance against Fungal Diseases through Host-Induced Gene Silencing

Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) uses the key genes that are involved in growth and development, sporulation and propagation, and pathogenesis of pathogens as targets, and expresses the RNAi constructs in host plants targeting to the target genes; during infection of plants, pathogens take up dsRNA or siRNA molecules, specifically bind to nucleotide sequences after recognition, and interfere the expression of the target genes, thereby inhibiting infection and spreading of invaded pathogens and thus conferring resistance phenotypes in plants. This technology serves as the solid foundation of plant resistance based on pathogen-specific sequences and has great potential for application in crop improvement against fungal diseases. In this review, recent advances in methodologies, technological routes and application of the HIGS strategy in plants against invading fungal pathogens are summarized; prospects for the future in HIGS-based plant resistance to fungal pathogens were also discussed.