油田地面集输系统常用加热炉适应性分析

针对集输系统在用加热炉存在不同程度的炉管结垢，炉管弯曲变形，腐蚀渗漏，对流室结露、偏流，炉效低等问题，分析了管式加热炉、真空相变加热炉和承压相变加热炉的主要结构、工作原理、技术特点及存在的问题。结合现场应用，提出应根据被加热介质的物性特点合理选择加热炉类型：掺水加热、系统来液加热宜选用管式加热炉，原油外输加热、热化学脱水加热宜选用承压相变加热炉。研究结果对高凝稠油油田的原油集输处理具有一定的参考价值。

Adaptability of common heater to surface gathering system in oilfield

When heaters are in service, many problems may exist, such as tube fouling, tube bending, corrosion-induced leaks, condensation and bias flow in convection chamber, and low efficiency. This paper discusses the main structure, operating principle, technical features and existing problems of tubular heater, vacuum phase-variable heater and pressure- bearing phase-variable heater. Based on field application, it is proposed to select the heater depending on the physical characteristics of the heating medium. For instance, tubular heater should be used in heating systems of water mixing and coming fluid, pressure-bearing phase-variable heater should be used in heating systems of crude oil transportation and hot chemical dehydration. The results provide a valuable reference the gathering of crude oil in high pour-point heavy oilfield.