Moisture-dependent physical properties of Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) kernel |
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Authors: | RC Pradhan SN Naik N Bhatnagar SK Swain |
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Institution: | aCentre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;bMechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India |
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Abstract: | The moisture-dependent physical properties are important to design post harvest equipments of the product. The physical properties of Karanja kernel were evaluated as a function of moisture content in the range of 8.56–22.22% d.b. The average length, width, thickness and 1000 kernel mass were 25.29 mm, 15.58 mm, 7.88 mm and 1036.45 g, respectively, at moisture content of 8.56% d.b. The geometric mean diameter and sphericity increased from 14.55 to 15.97 mm and 0.57 to 0.6 as moisture content increased from 8.56 to 22.22% d.b., respectively. In the same moisture range, the bulk density decreased from 663 to 616 kg/m3, whereas the corresponding true density and porosity increased from 967 to 1081 kg/m3 and 31.44 to 43.02%, respectively. As the moisture content increased from 8.56 to 22.22% d.b., the angle of repose and surface areas were found to increase from 27.69 to 37.33° and 665.74 to 801.63 mm2, respectively. The static coefficient of friction of Karanja kernel increased linearly against the surfaces of three structural materials, namely plywood (28.72%), mild steel sheet (29.88%) and aluminium (18.86%) as the moisture content increased from 8.56 to 22.22% d.b. |
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Keywords: | Physical properties Karanja kernel Moisture content |
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