施用沼气发酵残余物对土壤理化性质的影响

目的]为沼气发酵残余物的综合利用提供参考。方法]以小白菜为试材,通过施用高、中、低量的沼气发酵残余物作基肥与施用化肥作基肥和不施肥进行田间对比试验,研究了施用沼气发酵残余物对土壤速效养分和pH值的影响。结果]施用沼气发酵残余物后,土壤中的速效钾、速效磷和碱解氮含量均比对照增加,且以沼气发酵残余物高量(3万kg/hm2)处理效果最好;其速效磷含量在小白菜苗后7 d达93.670 mg/kg,速效钾含量和碱解氮含量在苗后35 d分别达135.084和54.308 mg/kg,显著高于对照。沼气发酵残余物各处理的土壤的pH值比对照的低,其中高量处理的土壤pH值最低,为6.98~7.10。结论]沼气发酵残余物可改善土壤结构,提高土壤保水保肥和通透能力,有效提高土壤肥力。

Effects of Applying Biogas Fermentative Residue on the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soil

Objective] The purpose was to supply reference for the synthetic utilization of biogas fermentative residue.Method] With pakchoi as tested material,the effects of applying biogas fermentative residue on soil nutrient and pH value were studied through conducting field comparative experiment of comparing applying biogas fermentative residues at high,middle and low dosages as base fertilizer with applying chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer and applying no fertilizer.Result] After applying biogas fermentative residue,compared with CK,the contents of available K and P and alkaline-hydrolytic N in soil increased and the treating effect of biogas fermentative residue at high dosage(3×104 kg/hm2) was best.The available P content reached 93.670 mg/kg in the pakchoi seedlings growing for 7 d,the available K and alkaline-hydrolytic N contents reached 135.084 and 54.308 mg/kg resp.in the pakchoi seedlings growing for 35 d,which were significantly higher than that in CK.The pH values of soil in various treatments with biogas fermentative residue were lower than that in CK,and that in the treatment at high dosage was lowest,in 6.98～7.10.Conclusion] Biogas fermentative residue could improve soil structure,increasing the capability of retaining water and fertilizer and permeability of soil and enhance soil fertility effectively.