生物科学若干问题的世纪回顾

20世纪前半期的生物学在动植物学分类和形态解剖学基础上建起了实验性学科，如生理、遗传和生物化学等，对机体各部分和细胞的结构功能及物质代谢进行卓有成效的研究。自60年代后，随着分子生物学兴起，导致今日生物科学的一次新飞跃，揭开了生命本质遗传密码的一致性和基因工程的新面貌，同时，由于工业发展和人口增长对生态环境破坏和生物资源的流失，也引起了人类对环境和生物保护的高度重视。就生物科学中的生命起源、基因学说、光合作用、生物固氮、呼吸代谢和生物多样性等重大课题的研究历程进行简要的回顾，旨在为读者提供一线索，参65。

Review over a century ofsome topics in biology

Biology in half 20th century ago initiated the experiment science,as phsiology,genetics and biological chemistry that was establisned at the base or taxonomy and morpho anatomy in zoology and botany,and which has made outstanding achievement research on structure function and substance metabolism for various part of organism.Since the 1960s,as the development of molecular biology,leading to a great leap in biological science today,explosing the essence of life consistency with heredity code and a new features of gene engineering.At the same time,because of industrial advance and human population increment made ecological environment broken and biological resources lost,then the human race pay all attention to environment and biodiversity.This text should make brief review in the 20th century concerning some important topics for orgin of life,gene theory and gene engineering,photosynthesis,nitrogen fixation,respiratory metabolism and fermentation industry,and biodiversity.