河南永城采煤塌陷复垦区不同复垦年限土壤理化性质的研究

对采煤塌陷区不同复垦年限土壤理化性质的研究,是合理开发和利用沉陷土地资源的基础性研究工作。因此,对河南省永城市煤矿塌陷复垦区复垦1、3、5年和附近正常农田的0~20 cm表层土壤样品进行分析,测定了土壤容重、比重、土壤孔隙度、pH和有机质5个指标,比较不同复垦年限的土壤质量。结果表明,复垦1、3、5年后的土壤容重分别为1.81±0.03、1.75±0.02和1.60±0.02 g/cm3,土壤比重分别为2.40±0.03、2.70±0.04和2.86±0.02 g/cm3,土壤孔隙度分别为22.60%±0.08%、34.93%±0.11%和43.82%±0.13%,土壤pH分别为7.20±0.10、6.90±0.10和7.10±0.10,土壤有机质含量分别为0.32%±0.01%、0.49%±0.01%和0.83%±0.02%。复垦后的土壤比重、土壤孔隙度和土壤有机质3个指标逐年升高,土壤容重逐年下降,土壤pH变化不大。永城市采煤塌陷复垦区随着复垦时间的推移,土壤质量逐步提高,但仍未达到塌陷前水平,土壤有机质极其缺乏,建议进行秸秆还田或种植绿肥,增加土壤有机质。

Study on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Different Reclamation Years in Coal Mining Subsidence Reclamation Area in Yongcheng,Henan Province

Research on soil physical and chemical properties of mine subsidence reclamation area with different reclamation years in Yongeheng, Henan Province is the basic work for rational development and utilization of subsidence land resources. Soil samples of mine subsidence reclama- tion area with 1, 3 and 5 reclamation years and normal farmland were collected. Five indexes of bulk density, specific gravity, soil porosity, pH value and organic matter were selected to analyze the temporal change of soil quality after reclamation. The results showed that soil samples with 1, 3 and 5 reclamation years, the soil bulk density were 1.81± 0.03 g/cm3, 1.75 ± 0.02 g/era3 and 1.60% ± 0.02 g/era3 ; soil specific gravity were 2.40 ±0.03 g/era3 , 2.70 ±0.04 g/era3 and 2.86 ±0.04 g/era3 ; the soil porosity were 22.60% ± 0.08 % , 34.93% ± 0.1l % and 43.82% ±0.13% ; the soil pH values were 7.20 ± 0.10, 6.90 ±0.10 and 7.10± 0.10; and the soil organic matter were 0.32% ± 0.01%, 0.49 ±0.01% and 0.83% ±0.02 % , respectively. After reclamation, 3 indexes of soil specific gravity, soil porosity and organic matter in- creased year by year, while soil bulk density decreased year by year. The pH value changed little in different reclamatior） years. The soil quality was improved gradually after reclamation, but the organic matter is indigent. It is suggested that using straw or growing green manure to increase the organic matter in mine subsidence reclamation soil.