克百威和毒死蜱农药降解菌的驯化与筛选

目的]筛选对克百威和毒死蜱的优势降解菌。方法]选取克百威和毒死蜱2种农药作为降解对象,通过分别对特定水样中微生物进行驯化、分离、纯化等处理后,各获得多株细菌和真菌;以2种农药分别作为唯一碳源,测定各菌株5 d内的化学需氧量(COD)值,通过COD去除率筛选出克百威和毒死蜱的优势降解菌。结果]在可降解克百威的细菌LLBK1~10组中LLBK2、LLBK6和LLBK7的COD去除率较高,分别为93.83%、93.21%和93.83%,3株菌种均为革兰氏阴性菌;在可降解克百威的真菌LLFK1~3组中LLFK1和LLFK2的COD去除率较高,分别为77.16%和79.01%;同时可降解毒死蜱的细菌LLBD1~8组中LLBD1、LLBD3和LLBD4的COD去除率较高,分别为57.69%、59.23%和56.92%,3株菌种同样均为革兰氏阴性菌;在可降解毒死蜱的真菌LLFD1~3组中LLFD1、LLFD3的COD去除率较高,分别为61.54%和59.23%。结论]为克百威和毒死蜱的降解研究提供了参考。

Acclimation and Screening of Degradable Microorganisms of Carbofuran and Chlorpyrifos

Objective ] The aim was to screen degradable microorganisms of Carbofuran and Chlorpyrifos. Method ] Carhofuran and Chlorpyrifos were chosen as degrading objects. By acclimation of microorganisms in the water, the bacteria that could degrade Carbofuran and Chlorpyrifos were obtained. After plate separation and purification, screening bacteria could be obtained. Several fungi and bacteria with high- er degradation ability were obtained in the experiment, compared with their degrading capability, via COD removal efficiency under the condition of the pesticides as the sole carbon source in five days. Result] In the group of LLBKI-IO, the COD removal rates of gram-negative bacteria LLBK2, LLBK6 and LLBK7 were higher, up to 93.83%, 93.21% and 93.83% , respectively; in the group of LLFK1-3, the COD removal rate of LLFK1 and LLFK2 were higher, up to 77.16% and 79.01%, respectively; in the group of LLBD1-8, the COD removal rates of gram-negative bacteria LLBD1, LLBD3 and LLBD4 were higher, up to 57.69%, 59.23% and 56.92%, respectively; in the group of LL- FD1-3, the COD removal rates of LLFD1 and LLFD3 were higher, up to 61.54% and 59.23% , respectively. Conclusion] The results provide reference for study on degradation of Carbofuran and Chlorpyrifos.