鱼类体表粘液分泌机制·组分与功能研究进展

鱼类体表粘液来自体表粘液细胞,其成分和量受到粘液细胞的分布、数量、发育情况以及外界环境的影响。粘液的主要成分是粘多糖和蛋白类,同时还含有少量脂质。多糖类作为生物活性物质,在抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗衰老等方面起到了重要作用。蛋白类的含量达55%,主要成分为88~95 kD的免疫球蛋白、溶菌酶、凝集素、补体、抗病毒蛋白/肽以及SOD酶,在鱼类的生命活动中有着重要意义。分离鱼类体表粘液中生物活性蛋白的方法主要有柱层析法、盐析法、离子交换层析法等。结合国内外研究成果,对鱼类体表粘液分泌机制、粘液的组分及Ig的分离、体表粘液的免疫功能研究和趋势等方面进行了综述,旨在为今后体表粘液免疫蛋白的应用研究提供切入点。

Research Progress of Secretion Mechanisms,Components and Function of Fishes Mucus

The fish surface mucous is secreted by mucous cells.The composition and quantity of mucous are affected by distnbution,quantity,development situation and the external environment of mucous cells.Main ingredients of mucous are polysaccharide and protein,also contains a small amount of lipid.As bioactive substances,polysaccharide played an important role in antioxidation,antitumor,anti-aging,and so on.The protein content reaches 55％,has important significance in the fish＇s life activities.The composition of protein is immune proteins Ig,lysozyme,lectin,complement,antiviral protein,antimicrobial peptide,SOD enzyme and some of the toxic ingredients.The methods of separate bioactive protein from fish slime are column chromatography,salting out method,ion exchange chromatography,etc.Combined with research achievements at home and abroad,the secretion mechanism,components,Ig isolation,immune function of fish surface mucous were reviewed,so as to provide reference for application research of surface mucous and immune protein.