微藻脂肪酸合成累积代谢基因调控的研究进展

随着环境与能源问题的日益紧张,微藻成为生物柴油的重要原料,并且成为研究者们关注的热点。首先介绍了微藻作为生物柴油原料的优势,如生长速度快、生物量大、油脂含量多等。其次综述了关于微藻代谢途径的研究进展,分别从脂肪酸的合成和分解途径综述了人们近些年来对关键限速酶的研究进展,总结了不同限速酶取得的成果。提出采用基因沉默等方法来抑制脂肪酸的分解代谢。最后对微藻作为生物柴油原料的前景做了展望,目前已有乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCase)等酶被研究,但还有脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)等酶以及其他旁路途经的相关酶有待于更深入地开发和研究。

Research Advances of Genetic Engineering in Improving the Ability of Microalgae for Fat Accumulation

With the increasingly tense of energy and environmental problems, the topic about mieroalgae as the feedstock of biofuel become a hot topic. Firstly, the advantages of microalgae as the feedstock of biofuel were introduced, such as rapid growth, big biomass and rich lipid con- tent. Then, research advances of lipid biosynthesis and metabolic regulation in microalgaes were reviewed. We summarized achievements with dif~rent enzymes from the synthesis of fatty acids and decomposition pathways respectively. Simultaneously, methods suppressed tile decomposi- tion of tarry acid metabolism are the gene silencing and so on. Finally, the prospect of microalgae as the feedstock for biodiesel was forecasted. Although aeetyl coenzyme A carboxylase （ACCase） and other enzymes have been studied recently, there are fatty acid synthase （FAS） and other enzymes of other bypassed via need to be a more in-depth development and research.